Part VII: Lamiales Asterales and Apiales

  LAMIALES Bromhead
(Includes Acanthaceae, Bignoniaceae, Gesneriaceae, Lamiaceae,Lentibulariaceae, Linderniaceae,
Martyniaceae, Oleaceae, Orobanchaceae, Pedaliaceae, Plantaginaceae,Phrymaceae,
  Scrophulariaceae,  Verbinaceae, 

visit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/140231536@N03/albums/72157666200153432

OLEACEAE Hoffmannsegg & Link, nom. cons.

Plants woody, trees or shrubs erect or scandent; stem is also somewhat swollen at the nodes, there is no line across the node. Leaves opposite, exstipulate, simple to odd-pinnately compound; petioles dark and drying; buds superposed; the terminal bud quite often aborts. Inflorescence with terminal flower, with cymose branches;  flowers usually 4 merous, Jasminum 5merous,  sympetalous, polysymmetric;  calyx valvate; stamens 2; style short. Fruit a berry or samara.

carboxycyclic iridoids, myricetin, orobanchin, mannitol +; fibre tracheids +; hairs peltate secretory; cuticle deeply furrowed. More or less worldwide, especially East Asia. 

CHIONANTHUS L.,(Etymology: chion- snow, anthos-flower, refers to snow white-flowes of  tree)

Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb.;(with flowers on the branches)
Chionanthus mala-elengi (Dennst.) Green,(refers to Malayalam vernacular name ) punagamu, పున్నాగము,punichhe పుణిచి, 
Chionanthus zeylanicus L.,(from Ceylone) verri pogada వెర్రిపొగడ  , 

JASMINUM L.,(Etymology: It is Latinized from the Persian name, yasemin or Arabic, yasamin, for perfumed plants.)

Jasminum angustifolium (L.) Willd., (narrow-leaved)   adavi-malle, అడవిమల్లె, chirumalle, చిరుమల్లె,  garuda malle, గరుడమల్లె, lingamalleలింగ మల్లె,, sirimalle,సిరిమల్లె  srimalli శ్రీమల్లె ,

Jasminum angustifolium var. sessiliflorum (Vahl) P.S.Green,(sessiliflorum, flowers without stalks) 
Jasminum arborescens Roxb., navamallika, నవమల్లిక adavi malle,అడవి మల్లె, adavijaaji అడవి జాజి  

Jasminum auriculatum Vahl, (the leaf shape is like  an ear) adavi teega-malli, అడవితీగ మల్లె,adavimolla, అడవి మొల్ల,  erraadavimolla, ఎర్రఅడవి మొల్ల maagadhi, మాగధి,  maghyamu,మాఘ్యము  mallatheega, మల్లె తీగ  malle,మల్లె,  molla,  మొల్ల,mollalu, మొల్లలు  sannadzaji, సన్నజాజి, sannajajuluసన్నజాజులు ,  sudimalle,సూదిమల్లె, thellaadavimolla,తెల్లఅడవిమొల్ల  vasanthi,వాసంతి,  

Jasminum azoricum L. (from the Azores Islands, mid-Atlantic) jaaji సన్న జాజి , 

Jasminum brevilobum A.DC., (with short lobes )

Jasminum calophyllum Wall. & G.Don,(with beautiful leaves)   sannajaaji,సన్నజాజి, 

Jasminum cuspidatum Rottl. & Willd.,(abruptly narrowed into a short rigid point,refers to leaf) adavi malle,అడవిమల్లె, malleమల్లె,, peddamalleపెద్ద మల్లె, 

Jasminum grandiflorum L., (with large or showy flowers) adivimalle,అడవిమల్లె, chambeli, చమేలీ, jaji, జాజి, malati- malle మాలతీ-మల్లె ,J

asminum humile Sensu, (low growing or close to ground) hemapushpika,హేమపుష్పిక   pachche adavimalle, పచ్చ డవిమొల్ల  

Jasminum malabaricum Wight,(from Malabar region) 

 Jasminum multiflorum (Burm.f.) Andrews, (with many flowers) adavimalle, అడవిమల్లె,  gujari,  గజరి, kundamu,కుందము,  molla,మొల్ల  vira jaji విరజాజి 
Jasminum officinale L.,(sold in shops, officinal medicine)  chameli, చమేలీ jaaji, జాజి,maalathi, మాలతీ-malli,మల్లె  sanna jajiసన్నజాజి,,
 Jasminum scandens Vahl, (twining)     

Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton, (Latinization of Arabic vernacular name of zambac)  boddu malle, బొడ్డు మల్లి , bondumalle, బొండు మల్లె , gundumalleగుండు మల్లె , malleమల్లె, malliమల్లి , malligaiమల్లిగై(It is a tamil name)  ,  manmathha baanamu మన్మథ బాణము , millipu,మల్లెపూ, navamallika,నవమల్లిక  satratarసత్రతార ,  virajaaji, విరజాజి,
 Jasminum trichotomum Heyne ex Roth, (3 forked or triple branched, refers to inflorescence) adavimalle,అడవిమల్లె, 

NYCTANTHES L.,(Etymology: from the Greek  nykhta-night, anthos-flower, which means night-flower. or refers to nocturnal-flowering)

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L., (sorrowful tree or meloncholy, for its dull look during day) ) kaaruchiya, కారుచియా kapilanagadustu,కపిల నాగ దుష్టు  kappanagadutti, కప్పన గదుట్టి  karshia,కర్షియా  karuchiya, ,కరుచియా kinnera,కిన్నెర  kirsaru,కిర్సరు  kisteti,కిస్తేతి   krishnaveni, కృష్ణ వేణి  pagadamalli,పగడ మల్లి  parijatamu, పారిజాతం, poghada, పొగడ    sepali,సేపాలి  sepalikaసేపాలిక ,  shwetasurasa,శ్వేతసురస,  swetasarasaశ్వేత సరస 

OLEA L., (Etymology: oily-one(Ancient name for olive)

Olea paniculata R. Br.;(flowers in panicles)

 Olea polygama Wight.,(the flowers having various combinations of the reproductive
structures, male, hermaphrodite and female)

SCHREBERA Roxb.,(Etymology: for Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber (1739–1810), a correspondent of Linnaeus)

Schrebera swietenioides Roxb.,(similar to Swietenia of Meliaceae) balla,బల్ల,  bullakaaya, బుల్లకాయ , maakodiమాకోడి ,, maalinga maramమాలింగమరం , magalinga,మగలింగ,  makkam,మక్కం  makkamokob, mokalapu,మోకలపు  mokapuమోకపు , mokayapa,మోకాయేప,  moke,మొకే  mokkaమొక్క , mokkalapa,మొక్కలప, mokkalinga,మొక్కలింగ  mokkam, మొక్కం,mokkampa, మొక్కంప, mokkapu,మొక్కాపు  mokkavepa, మొక్కవేప, mukkadi, ముక్కడి,, neruvodi, నీరువొద్ది,thondamukkidi, తొండముక్కిడి , 

GESNERIACEAE Richard & Jussieu, nom. cons.  
Herbs, soft stemmed;leaves opposite, serrate,fleshy, softly hairy, with arching veins, not joining at margins; flowers monosymmetric, in cymes, with extra flower infront of terminal flower; with parietal placentation,
CHIRITA Buch-Ham.(Etymology:from the Hindustani vernacular name for a Gentiana species)
Chirita hamosa Wall. ex R.Br. (rare in Visakha patnam)
DIDYMOCARPUS Wall.(Etymology: with twin fruits)
Didymocarpus pygmea C.B.Clarke,
Didymocarpus tomentosa Wight. 
EPITHEMA Bl.(Etymology: From the Greek  epithema = lid, cover, crown, wreath, referring to the fruit, a pyxidium opening by a lid.)
Epithema carnosum Benth. 
RHYNCOGLOSSUM Bl.(Etymology: From Greek rhynco-beak + glossum-tongue shaped refers to tongue shaped beak)
Rhynicoglossum obliquum Bl.      

PLANTAGINACEAE Jussieu, nom. cons

Herbs or shrubs; or rooted aquatics; leaves spiral to opposite, simple to compound; hairs with gland head, stamens 2, thecae parallel, end-to-end, sagittate, connective well developed, ovules 1 per carpel, stigma slightly capitate or bilobed . Fruit a septicidal capsule; seeds 1-many.

BACOPA Aublet.,(Etymology: The genus Bacopa is a Latinized form of the aboriginal name of these plants used by the indigenous people of French Guana.) 

Bacopa floribunda (R.Br.) Wettst.,(with abundant flowers) In Nellore dist.

Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.,(named for the French naturalist Louis-Guillaume Le Monnier (1717-1799).)

 neeri sambraani mokkaనీరి సాంబ్రాణి మొక్క, sambraanichettu, సాంబ్రాణిచెట్టు ,chilaka aakuచిలకఆకు, jala brahmi జలబ్రహ్మి, sambareni aaku సంబరేణిఆకు
Dopatrium is reported earlier; but now not traceable in the area.

KICKXIA Dumort.,(Etymology: Named for Jean Kickx, Sr., 18th century professor of botany, pharmacy and minerology (courtesy of Calflora.net)

Kickxia ramosissima (Wall.) Janch., (abundantly branched) 

LIMNOPHILA R.Br.,(Etymology: From the Greek límnee (pond) and philos (friend), referring to the plant's natural habitat)

Limnophila aquatica (Roxb.) Alston, (growing in or close to water) ambujam అంబుజము, 
Limnophila aromatica (Lam.)Merr., (with pleasant smell) amragandhah ఆమ్రగంధ  
Limnophila chinensis (Osbeck) Merr., (from China) 
Limnophila heterophylla (Roxb.) Benth., (with different types of leaves, the submerged and aerial, surface leaves are differ in morphology))
Limnophila indica (L.)Druce, (from India) ambujam అంబుజము bagga pattiబగ్గ పత్తి, burada bakkena,బురదబక్కెన, inaataఇనాట , nitigannaeru నీటిగన్నేరు,
Limnophila polystachya Benth.
Limnophila repens (Benth.) Benth.,(creeping) 
Limnophila rugosa (Roth) Merr., (wrinkled)

LINDENBERGIA Lehm.,(Etymology: named for J.B.G.Lindenberg authority of European Hepaticae(liverworts)

Lindenbergia muraria (Roxb. ex D. Don) Brüh; (growing on walls)
Linderbergia indica (L.)Vatke 

MECARDONIA Ruiz.,(Etymology: Named for Antonio de Meca y Cardona, a Spanish patron of botany)

 Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small, 

 RUSSELIA Jacq.,(Etymology: Named for Dr Alexander Russell(1715-1768)Scottish naturalist

Russelia equisetiformis Schltdl. & Cham.,(Cultivated)(like Equisetum (horse tail rush) It is a cultivated species.

SCOPARIA L.,(Etymology: from the Latin scope- a broom, In West Indies the plant is used to make brooms) 

Scoparia dulcis L.(sweet tasted, mild) goda thulasi గోడ తులసి,potti oliపొట్టి ఓలి

STEMODIA L.,(Etymology: From the Greek stemon (stamen),and dis-two, referring to the double anthers/ From the Greek stemon for "thread, stamen" and "double"; appears to refer to the separate anther cells.(Flora of Westren Australia)  

Stemodia viscosa Roxb., (with sticky nature) Gunta kammi గుంట కమ్మి 

SCROPHULARIACEAE Jussieu, nom. cons. 

Herbs or shrubs, leaves opposite, or spiral, lamina punctate; flowers polysymmetric , 4-merous in racemes, sepals unequal or not, ovules 1 per locule,  pleurotropous, stigma capitate. Capsule septicidal.

RHAMPHICARPA Benth.

Rhamphicarpa longflora Benth. rare in Horsely hills, Chittoor dist.

SUTERA Roth,(Etymology: for Johann Rudolf Suter (1766–1827), Professor of Botany at Berne, author of Flora Helvetica (1802)

Sutera dissecta Walp.,(cut into many deep segments, refers to leaves)

VERBASCUM L.,(Etymology: a name, barbascum, in Pliny (for the hairy leaves or  bearded stamens)

Verbascum chinense (L.) Santapau,(from China) 

LINDERNIACEAE Borsch, K. Müller, & Eb. Fischer

Ephemerals to suffruticose perennials; stems 4 anglular, with opposite leaves, lamina venation  palmate, margins entire or serrate;flowers  monosymmetric,axillary or racemose; corolla with glandular hairs on the inside; stamens 4 or 2 the lower stamens usually very different from the upper, either Z-shaped, or long and curved, with a projection, or very much reduced; abaxial Z-shaped staminodes with an appendage; stigma bilobed,; capsule septicidal or -fragal; seeds with ruminate endosperm, surface alveolate or furrowed.

Distribution: Pantropical to warm temperate.

LINDERNIA Allioni, (Etymology: for J. J. Linden (1817–98), Belgian horticulturalist)
Lindernia anagallis(Burm.f.) Pennel (rare in E.Godavari, Srikakulam)

Lindernia antipoda (L.) Alston, (from the Antipodes,  (from the other side of the world, literally, with the feet opposite)
Lindernia ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell,(with hairs extending from an edge)

 Lindernia crustacea (L.) F.Muell., brittle, hard-surfaced,

indernia hyssopoides (L.) Haines, Similar to Hyssop paapata janumu పాపటజనుము;  

 Lindernia nummulariifolia (D.Don) Wettst.,(with coin like small round leaves)

 Lindernia oppositifolia (L.) Mukerjee, (with opposite leaves)

Lindernia parviflora (Roxb.) Haines ,(with small flowers)  

Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Philcox,  (lying flat on the ground, creeping forwards, procumbent)

 Lindernia pusilla (Willd.) Bold.,(slender or weak)
Lindernia rotundifolia (L.)Alst.,(with rounded leaves) 

MAJUS Lour. (Etymology:from Latin larger or from the month of May./from Arabic and Persion Majus meaning Zorastrians)

Majus pumilus (Burm.f.)Steenis,(very small, refers to size)

 TORENIA L.,(Etymology: for Reverend Olof Torén (1718–53), chaplain in India, Surat and China to the Swedish East India Company)

Torenia indica C.J.Saldanha,
Torenia asiatica L., mirapa kaandra, మిరప కాండ్ర varagooki,వారగూకి  varrakashimiవర్రకశిమి 

PEDALIACEAE R. Brown, nom. cons.

Annual to perennial herbs; stem usually succulent; rarely deciduous trees; Leaves simple, margins toothed, lobed or entire; flowers usually axillary in dichasial cymes; monosymmetric; paired nectaries at base of pedicel; corolla with spur, stamens 5, thecae  confluent, at right angles to filaments, staminode present; ovary superior. Fruit with hooks or prickles, splits loculicidally, style base indurated.   

Mostly tropical, in coastal or arid habitats.  

PEDALIUM L., (Etymology:from Greek pedalion- rudder or steering paddle, refers to the angles of the fruits)  / another derivation -A-foot, refers to the disperal of fruits with hooks attaching to animal’s feet)

Pedalium murex L.,(sea-mussel, jagged rock)  yenugu-palleru ఏనుగు పల్లేరు, enugupallerumullu,ఏనుగు పల్లేరుముల్లు, peddapallaeru,పెద్ద పల్లేరు  

SESAMUM L.,(Etymology: From the Latin sesamum (oily plant)/Hippocrates’ name from the Semitic name, simsim, cognate with sesame; it is derived from African vernacular name sesame,or Arabic name ofthe plant  simsim )

Sesamum alatum Thonn.,(winged, refers to winged seeds)  pitchi nuvvulu పిచ్చినువ్వులు   
Sesamum indicum L.,gubbulu గుబ్బులు  guvvulu, గువ్వులు nung,నూగు/నూగులు  nuvvu,నువ్వు nuvvulu,నువ్వులు   pollanuvvuluపొల్ల నువ్వులు,thilalu తిలలు   
Sesamum laciniatum J. G. Klein ex Willd.(with many flaps or fringed)
Sesamum prostratum Retz., (lying flat on the ground) kaaru nuvvuluకారు నువ్వులు 

MARTYNIACEAE Horaninow, nom. cons. 

Annual herbs, with tuberous roots, with sticky hairs; leaves  spiral, lamina margins toothed; flowers monosymmetric, large, in racemes; calyx free; stamens 2, connective with apical gland, staminodes present, ovary superior ovary with parietal placentation, placentae bilobed, stigma bilobed; 2-many ovules/carpel; capsule with paired apical spurs or hooks; mesocarp  fleshy, falling off, woody layer with crests and spines.

harpagide, harpagioside [8ß-8α-methyl substituted iridoids] +;

Tropical and subtropical America 

MARTYNIA L., (Etymology: for John Martyn FRS (1699–1768), Professor of Botany at Cambridge (his son Thomas Martyn was also Professor of Botany at Cambridge for 63 years

between 1762 and 1825)

Martynia annua L., (annual)garudamukku,గరుడ ముక్కు,  thelukondikaaya  chettuతేలుకొండికాయ చెట్టు  

PHRYMACEAE Schauer, nom. cons.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, inflorescences bearing small, monosymmetric flowers. The calyx tubular, toothed, subplicate-ribbed persistent. Corolla subequal. Stamens 2, anthers subreniform, thecae confluent. Stigma broadly 2-lobed.  Capsule many seeded.

PEPLIDIUM Del.,(Etymology: Ancient name for coastal spurge)

Peplidium maritimum (L. fil.) Wettst., (livingin or  near seashore)

ACANTHACEAE Jussieu, nom. cons.
Herbs to shrubs; inflorescence racemose, bracts large, conspicuous; Calyx free or connate, often sharply pointed, adaxial lobes of Corolla outside others in bud [aestivation descending cochleate], (lobes narrow); stamens 2 or 4, staminodes present or 0; carpels 2, syncarpous, superior; capsule dehiscence explosive, walls cartilaginous, calyx persistent. Mostly tropical. 

ACANTHUS L.,(Etymology: Latinization of ancient Greek name acanthos- which means, ako- thorn, anthos-flowers plants having spines or pointed projections on floral parts. or spiny flowers

Acanthus ilicifolius L.,(Etymology: Like the holly leaf); alasyakampa,అలస్యకంప, alisi, అలిసి, etichilla, ఏటిచిల్ల thude chulli తూడిచిల్ల  

ANDROGRAPHIS Wallich ex Nees,( Etymology: Derived from Greek -andros (male) and graphis (brush, pencil) - refers to hairy staminal filaments) 

Andrographis alata (Vahl) Nees, (winged, refers to winged upper branches ) nelavaemu,నేలవేము;
Andrographis beddomei C.B.Clarke;(Endemic to Andhra Pradesh); (in honour of R.H Beddome (1830-1911) 

 Andrographis echioides (L.f) Nees,( resembling Echium)

Andrographis elongata (Vahl) T. And.,(branches and leaves elongate)

Andrographis glandulosa Nees, (refers to glandular nature of calyx and leaves);

 Andrographis lineata Nees,(calyx lobes narrow)

Andrographis longipedunculata (Sreemadh.) L. H. Cramer, (with longer peduncles)
Andrographis nallamalayana J.L.Ellis ,(from Nallamala hills of A.P.) 

Andrographis ovata (T.Anderson ex Bedd.) Benth. & Hook.f., (refers to ovate leaves); 

Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees,(refers to panicle inflorescence); karivaemuకరి వేము ,  nelavaemu, నేలవేము, velavemuవేలవేము   

Andrographis serpyllifolia (Rottl. ex Vahl) Wight, (thyme leaved) aaku chandrikaఆకు చంద్రిక , kuramakuకూరమాకు  

ASYSTASIA Blume,(Etymology: From the Greek a- (non) and systasia (united, consistent)inconsistency, referring to radially symmetrical flowers in this genus which is uncommon in the family Acanthaceae.)

Asystasia chelonoides Nees, (resembling Chelone)

Asystasia dalzelliana Santapau,(for Nicholas Alexander Dalzell (1817–78), Scottish botanist in India

Asystasia gangetica (L.) Anderson,(named after River Ganges) mukka mungera,ముక్కముంగెర poda beera, పొద బీర tappeta,తప్పెట  venna kattethige,వెన్న కట్టె తీగ  lavana valliలవణ వల్లి   

AVICENNIA L.,(Etymology: named for Avicinna (Ibn Sina), Persian physician-philosopher 

Avicennia  alba Blume, (alba meaning white, for the backside of leaf whitish-pubescent beneath); mada,మడ  tella madaతెల్లమడ, vilava madaవిలవమడ    

Avicennia marina (Forsk.)Vierh,- ( related to sea, grows in seashores); mada,మడ tella madaతెల్లమడ
Avicennia officinalis L., (of the apothecaries, officinal medicines) 

eriva,ఎరివ  erivogu,ఎరివోగు  gundumada,గుండుమడ   mada, మడ  nalla mada, nallamada,నల్లమడ  thellamadaతెల్లమడ 

BARLERIA L.,(Etymology: For Jacques Barrelier (1606-1673), French Dominican monk, biologist, botanist and physician.) 

Barleria acuminata Nees, (sharp pointed, refers to leaves) 

Barleria buxifolia L., (box-leaved)erramullugoranta, ఎర్రముళ్ళగోరింట  nalla mullugoranta,నల్లముళ్ళగోరింట   peda mullugoranta,పెద్ద ముళ్ళగోరింట thella mullugorantaతెల్ల ముళ్ళగోరింట  

Barleria courtallica Nees,(From Courtallum, Madras State, India

Barleria cristata L., (crested- calyx lobes spinous-ciliate)december puvvulu,డిసెంబర్ పువ్వులు  errapulapeddagoranta, ఎర్ర పూల పెద్ద గోరింట  gobbi,గొబ్బి  gorinta,గోరింట kodi kannu, కోడికన్ను  nallapeddagorantaనల్ల పెద్ద గోరింట, niru goranta, నీరు గోరింట peddagoranta,పెద్ద గోరింట  tellanilambari, తెల్ల నీలాంబరి , yera poolapedda gorintaఎర్ర పూలగోరింట 

Barleria cuspidata Heyne ex Nees, (leaf-blades long tapering or inflorescence bracts  terminating in a sharp tip) bobbi బొబ్బి 

Barleria gibsonii Dalz., 

Barleria longiflora L.f., (with longer flowers than other species) pinna gorinta,  పిన్న గోరింట 

Barleria montana Nees, (of mountains) adavi decembaraluఅడవి డిసెంబరాలు  

Barleria mysorensis Heyne ex Roth, (from Mysore) bantalagobbi, బంతులగొబ్బి  erramulugoranta,ఎర్ర ములుగోరింట   nallamulugorntaనల్ల ములు గోరింట  

Barleria noctiflora L.f., (with night blooming flowers)naaga gorintaనాగ గోరింట  

Barleria prattensis Sant.,(of the medows) 

Barleria prionitis L., (saw -like) gobbi, గొబ్బి gobbi gorinta, గొబ్బి గోరింట  konda gobbi, కొండగొబ్బి  mulla gorinta, ముళ్ళగోరింట mundla gobbi, ముండ్ల గొబ్బి  pachagoranta,పచ్చ గోరింట  pachhamulu goranta,పచ్చ ములు గోరింట  thellamulla aakuతెల్ల ముళ్ల ఆకు  

Barleria strigosa Willd.,(with rigid hairs)  neela gorintaనీల గోరింట , nilambaramuనీలాంబరము 

 Barleria tomentosa Roth,(thickly matted with hairs) 

BLEPHARIS A.L.Jussieu.,(Etymology:Eyelash, (alluding to the fringed bracts and bracteoles)

 Blepharis integrifolia (L.f.) E.Mey. & Drège ex Schinz , (with entire leaves)chatushpatri చతుష్పత్రి 

 Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B.Heyne ex Roth, (from Madras state of India)anthrinta pulu,అంత్రీతపూలు 

CROSSANDRA Salisbury,(Etymology: From the Greek krossos (fringe) and aner/andro (male), referring to fringed anthers)

Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees,(having funnel or trumpet shaped, flowers) erra vaadaambram,ఎర్ర వాడంబరము  gobbi,గొబ్బి  kanakaambramu, కనకాంబరము 
Crossandra nilotica Oliv., (from the Nile Valley of Egypt) dilli kanakaambaraalu ఢిల్లీకనకాంబరాలు   

DICLIPTERA A.L.Jussieu,(Etymology: From Greek diclis-two-fold, pteron-winged, refers to the 2- winged capsule)

Dicliptera  beddomei C.B.Clarke,(in honour of R.H.Beddome)
Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees,(resembling Bupleurea) 
Dicliptera cuneata Nees, (wedge shaped)pincha kusumaపింఛకుసుమ   
Dicliptera foetida (Forssk.) Blatter, (with unpleasant smell)
 Dicliptera parvibracteata Nees; (parvi-small,  having small bracts)

Dicliptera paniculata (Forssk.) I.Darbysh.,(flowers in panicles) chebeeraచేబీరా
Dicliptera verticillata (Forssk.) Christensen,(having whorls of flowers)  

DIPTERACANTHUS Nees,(Etymology: From Greek diptero-two-winged,+acanthus - Acanthus; refers to 3 winged fruit or calyx or 2 leaves on the peduncle)

Dipteracanthus prostratus (Poir.)Nees , (lying flat on the ground) maanu pathri,మానుపత్రి  nela neelaambaramuనేల నీలాంబరము 

DYSCHORISTE Nees,(Etymology: from the Greek dys-with difficulty, or poorly, choristos - separated or divided, refers to the the stigma or the valves of the capsule)

 Dyschoriste erecta (Burm.) Kuntze,(upright in growth)
 Dyschoriste litoralis (L.f.) Nees, (near sea-shore)
Dyschoriste vagans (Wight) Kuntze (of wide distribution)

ECBOLIUM Kurz.,(Etymology:From the Greek ekballian- to expell or casting out, (cathartic)with reference to the violent or forceful expulsion of seeds from capsule by touch)

Ecbolium ligustrinum (Vahl) Vollesen, (privet like or resembling Ligustrum)cheekatikoorathuppa,చీకటి కూర తుప్ప , nakkatokaనక్కతోక, pachchavadambaramపచ్చ వాడంబరము 
Ecbolium viride  (Forssk.) Alston,(youthful or fresh green) chikatiquratappa,చీకటి కూరతుప్ప nakkathokaనక్కతోక ,  pachha vaadambaramపచ్చ వాడంబరము , 
ELYTRARIA Michaux,(Etymology:From the Greek Elytron- a sheath or cover, brobaly refering to the scaly stem  or the covering bracts of the inflorescence)

Elytraria acaulis (L.f.) Lindau, (a-without, cauli- stem,lacking a clear stem)yeddadugu ఎద్దడుగు  

ERANTHEMUM L.,(Etymology: erranos-lovely, anthos-flower, meaning  Love-flower or beautiful-flower)
Eranthemum capense L.,(from Cape Colony, or Cape of Good Hope, S Africa)
Eranthemum pulchellum Andrews

Eranthemum purpurascens Nees;(with purple colour) nalla neelaambari,నల్లనీలాంబరి   vaadambramవాడంబరము 

GYMNOSTACHYUM Nees,(Etymology: naked spike/ exposed spike)

Gymnostachyum pubescens (Lam.) M.R.Almeida,(with soft hairs)

HAPLANTHODES O.Ktze.,(Etymology: Latin-resembling Haplanthus or from Greek having a single flower.)

Haplanthodes verticillatus (Roxb.) Majumdar, 

HEMIGRAPHIS Nees,(Etymology: hemi-half-graphis-brush(the filaments of the outer stamens bearbrush like dense hairs)

 Hemigraphis alternata (Burm.f.) T. Anderson, 
Hemigraphis hirta (Vahl) T.Anderson, Hemigraphis latebrosa (Roth) Nees, 
Hemigraphis venosa C.B.Clarke,(conspicuously veined)

HYGROPHILA R.Br.,(Etymology: from Greek hygro-water, phila-loving Moisture-loving (spiny plant of arid habitats, flowers in response to moisture)

Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine,(with ear shaped leaf base) kokilaksh amu,కోకిలాక్షము  kokilakshi,కోకిలాక్షి, niti gobbi, నీటి గొబ్బి niti malli ,నీటి మల్లి neerugobbi,నీరు గొబ్బి  nirguvi-veru నిర్గువి వేరు,
Hygrophila balsamica Raf., (yielding balsam, a resin) 
Hygrophila heyinei Sreemadh., 
Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) Nees

Hygrophila salicifolia (Vahl) Nees, (leaves resemble Salix leaves)sadu gobbiసాదు గొబ్బి  

JUSTICIA L.,(Etymology: for James Justice (1698–1763), Scottish legal clerk and horticulturalist)

Justicia adhatoda L., (from the Malayalam and Tamil  Vernacular name)adda saramu,అడ్డసరము , vasaka వాసక 

Justicia betonica L., (betony-like) thellarantu తెల్ల రంతు; 

Justicia diffusa Willd.,(loosely spreading) 

Justicia diffusa var. hedyotidifolia (Nees) C.B. Clarke

Justicia gendarussa Burm. f., (possibly from a local/vernacular name in Malaysia and Indonesia)) addasaram, addasaramu,అడ్డసరము    gandharasamu, గంధ రసము nalla vavili,నల్ల వావిలి  nalla-noch-chili, నల్లనొఛ్చిలి, nelavavili,నేల వావిలి, nullavavilie నుల్ల వావిలి  

Justicia glabra (Oerst.) Lindau,(hair less) 

Justicia glauca Rottler,(with bluuish-green colour)

Justicia japonica Thunb., (from Japan) 

Justicia nilgherrensis (Nees) Wall. ex C.B.Clarke,(From Nilghiri hills of Tamilnadu)

 Justicia pectinata L. ,(Syn.Rungia pectinata) (comb like, refers to the midrib)

Justicia parviflora Retz. ,(with small flowers)

 Justicia procumbens L., (lying flat on the ground, creeping forwards, procumbent, 

Justicia prostrata Gamble, (lying flat on the ground without rooting)

Justicia quinqueangularis J. Koenig ex Roxb.,(with 5 anled stem)
Justicia repens L.,(Syn.Rungia repens) (with creeping habit) pakala velli   

పాకల వల్లి , 

Justicia tranquebariensis Roxb., (from Tranquebar, Tamil Nadu state, India)

chikerachettu, చీకెర చెట్టు kondapindiకొండపిండి , pindikondaపిండి కొండ , redamandalamరేడ మండలము 

Justicia trinervia Vahl, (with 3 nerves/veins on the bracts)

Justicia vahlii Roth,(For Martin Hendriksen Vahl (1749–1804), Norwegian botanist,

Director of Copenhagen Botanic Garden, author of Symbolae botanicae (1794)

 LEPIDAGATHIS Willd.,(Etymology: lepido-Scaly-agathis-ball of twine (for the ball like inflorescence)

Lepidagathis cristata Willd.(crest like, refers to bracts) Suryakantha సూర్యకాంత , mulla banti ముళ్ళబంతి  , 

Lepidagathis cuspidata Nees, (with a long tail like apex)

Lepidagathis fasciculata (Retz.) Nees,(flowers in fascicles)

Lepidagathis hamiltoniana Wall. ex Nees, (for William Hamilton, American naturalist)

Lepidagathis incurva Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, (inflexed)

Lepidagathis mitis Dalz.,(gentle or without spines, bracts not spiny )Nakkapentikalu నక్కపెంటికలు (Tel.)

Lepidagathis subarmata Gamble,(from dry or sub-arid conditions)

LEPTOSTACHYA Nees,(Etymology: Lepto-husk free, slender +stachys-spiked(slender spiked)

Leptostachya wallichii Nees, (for Nathaniel (Nathan Wolff) Wallich (1786–1854), Danish botanist and author, Curator of Calcutta Botanic Garden)

MEYENIA Nees,(Etymology: Named for Franz Julius Ferdinand Meyen, 19th century German plant physiologist who collected on a voyage that went around the world)

Meyenia hawtayneana Nees, podapa redu పొదప రేడు  

 NELSONIA R.Br.,(Etymology: for either Reverend John Nelson (1818–82), who grew narcissi, or William Nelson (1852–1922) of Natal)

Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng., (turning hoary-white, with off-white indumentum, 

NILGIRIANTHUS) Bremek.,(Etymology: Nilgiri- from Nilgir plateau +anthos-flower ,refers to Nilgiri flowers) 

 Nilgirianthus circarensis (Gamble) Bremek.,(from North Circar districts of A.P)
Nilgirianthus heyneanus (Nees)Bremek.

 PETALIDIUM Nees , (Etymology: From Greek looking like petals (sepals look like petals)

Petalidium barlerioides (Roth) Nees ,(resembles Barleria) 

Petalidium barlerioides

PHAULOPSIS Willd.,(Etymology: From the Greek phaulos, slight, trivial; opsis, appearance.)

Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet , (overlap like roof-tiles. The shorter branches bear densely overlapping  bracts)

PHLEBOPHYLLUM Bremek.,(Etymology: Myrtle like leaved)

 Phlebophyllum jeyporense (Bedd.) Bremek.,(From Jeypore of Rajastan)
Phlebophyllum versicolor (Wight) Bremek.(variously coloured)

PSEUDERANTHEMUM Radlk.,(Etymology:pseudo- false  Eranthemum)

Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin, chukkamalle చుక్కమల్లి 
Pseuderanthemum latifolium (Vahl) B. Hansen, 

RHINACANTHUS Nees,(Etymology: rhino-nose + Acanthus; flower is in nose shape)

Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz var. Nasutus, (large nosed) naaga mulli, నాగ ముల్లి naagamalle,నాగ మల్లి  naegamooli, నాగ మూలి 

RUELLIA L.,(Etymology: Named for John de la Ruelle of Soissons, author of De natura plantarum (1536))

 Ruellia patula Jacq.,(broad or spreading) , 
Ruellia tuberosa L., (with tuberous roots) chetapatakaayala mokkaచిట పట కాయలమొక్క  
 Ruellia simplex C.Wright,(undivided or entire) ;

STENOSIPHONIUM Nees,(Etymology: from Greek stenos- narrow, siphon-tube with the narrow tube of the corolla)

Stenosiphonium confertum Nees,

 STAUROGYNE Wall.,(From Greek stauros- cross, gyne-a woman/female, refers to cross-shaped stigma.)

Staurogyne glauca Kuntze, (with bluish-green apperance of leaves) 

STROBILANTHES Blume (Etymology: from Greek - strobilos which means cone and  anthos which means flower, and refers to the plant's inflorescence. Cone flower (The dense inflorescence)

Strobilanthes alternata (Burm. f.) E. Moylan ex J. R. I. Wood, (with alternate leaves)

Strobilanthes carinei J. R. I. Wood, nom. nov.(from Karin on the N coast of Somalia

 (Replaced name:

 Stenosiphonium setosum T.Anderson, non Strobilanthes setosa J. R. I. Wood,(covered with stiff hairs) 

Strobilanthes consanguineus (Nees) T. Anders., (Phlebiphyllum spicatum)

 Strobilanthes cordifolia (Vahl) J. R. I. Wood,(Stenosiphonium russelianum); 

Strobilanthes heyneanus Nees

(syn. Nilgirianthus heyneanus (Nees) Bremek. ) 
Strobilanthes pavala (Roxb.) J. R. I. Wood, comb.(small) nov.(syn.Hemigraphis latebrosa (Roth) Nees,) , 
Strobilanthus urens Syn. Gantelbua urens (B.Heyne ex Roxb.) Bremek., 

THUNBERGIA Retz.,(Etymology: for Carl Per (Karl Pehr, Caroli Petri) Thunberg (1743–1822), Swedish physician and professor at Uppsala, who travelled in Africa, Japan and Batavia

Thunbergia alata Boj. ex Sims, (with wings)

Thunbergia erecta (Benth.) T. And.,(straight) 

Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. var. fragrans, (with pleasant smell) indrathige, ,ఇంద్రతీగ  jimandaarathige,జమీందారి తీగ  palatheega పాలతీగ 

Thunbergia grandiflora (Roxb. ex Rottl.) Roxb.(with large flowers) 

BIGNONIACEAE Jussieu 

Trees or shrubs; leaves bicompound, margins entire (toothed); flowers large; K often with nectaries, A (5, 2), thecae sagittate or head-to-head, usu. not confluent, tapetum amoeboid, ovules in two groups in each loculus, (placentae lobed), stigma lobes broad, sensitive, fruit often with nectaries; seeds many, winged; C-4 carboxyl and ecarboxylated iridoids +; cork also cortical; cambium storied.   

ADENOCALYMMA Mart.(Etymology: From the Greek aden (gland) and kalymnos, a Greek mythology figure

Adenocalymma comosum  (Cham.) DC., (long-haired, shaggy-tufted, with tufts formed from hairs or leaves or flowers, )
BIGNONIA L. (Etymology: for Abbé Jean Paul Bignon (1662–1743), librarian to Louis XIV

Bignonia magnifica W.Bull,(magnificent)  Purple bignonia (Cultivated plant)

DOLICHANDRONE Seem.,(Etymology:from Greek  Dolicho-long+andro-stamens, referring to the long stamens of its flowers)

Dolichandrone arcuata (Wight) Clarke, (curved or bowed, refers to fruit shape)  
Dolichandrone atrovirens (Roth) K.Schum.,(very dark green) niruvoddiనీరు వొద్ది , oddi,వొద్ది  vadi,వడి  vankaniroddi,వంక నీరొద్దీ  wodi (for dolichandrone crispa, wooddi, woody)
Dolichandrone falcata (Wall. ex DC.) Seem.,(Sickle shaped, refers to fruit shape) chittiniruvoddi,చిట్టినీరొద్దీ   chittivoddi,  చిట్టివొద్ది, chittoddiచిట్టోద్ది ,  kodivaliకొడవలి , oddi, వొద్ది   wodi,వొడి  woni,వొని  wothiవొతి  

HETEROPHRAGMA DC.,(Etymology: hetero-varying, diverse+ phragma-fence-, enclosure-referring to the partition in the fruit)

Heterophragma quadriloculare (Roxb.) K.Schum.,(with 4 cells or locules) baarukolagottu,బారు కోలగొట్టు  baray-kalikod,బారే కలికోడి  bondugu,బొందుగు  kala-goru,కలగోరు  kapa-garguకాపగర్గు, kalavada,కలవడ  pambapenaపంబపేనా    

JACARANDA (Bertol.)DC.,(Etymology: From the Portugese jacarandá, having a hard core or branch(DG)/from the Tupi Guarani S American name, jakara’nda, for Jacaranda cuspidifolia)

Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don,(leaves similar to Mimosa)

 KIGELIA Rev.,(Etymology: Latinized form of the Swahili vernacular name for this plant(DG)/from the native Mozambique vernacular name, kigeli keia, for the sausage tree)

Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth., (From Africa)enuga thondamu, ఏనుగు తొండం jijiliyaarnattu,జిజిలి యారనట్టు  kijili, కిజిలి naagamalleనాగమల్లె 

 MARKHAMIA Seem.(Etymology: ,For 19th century British botanist, geographer, explorer and plant collector Sir Clements Robert Markham)

Markhamia lutea (Benth.) K. Schum.,(yellowish, refers to flowers)

MILLINGTONIA L.f., (Etymology: Named for Thomas Millington, 18th century English botanist)

 Millingtonia hortensis L.f.,(cultivated, of the gardens) aakaashamalle,ఆకాశమల్లె  kaarku maraకార్కుమర , kakiకాకి ,  karaku,కరకు  karapaకరప , kavuki,కవుకి  maanu malleమానుమల్లె , minumalleమిను మల్లె 

OROXYLUM Vent.,(Etymology: From the Greek oros (mountain) and xylon (wood), reference to its occurrence)

Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, (from India) aaku maanu,ఆకుమాను  , dundilamu, డుండిలము , kaligottuకలి గొట్టు , mandookaparnamu, మండూక పర్ణము , mokka vepa, మొక్క వేప , nemali chettuనెమలి చెట్టు , pamaniaపమనియా , pamini,పమిని  pampana, పంపన  peddakatti,పెద్ద కత్తి  sukanaasamu ,సుక నాశము
Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawl.)Miers- is cultivated ornamental(flame vine or orange-trumpet vine)

RADERMACHERA Zoll.,(Etymology: Named for Jacob Cornelis Matthias Radermacher, 18th century Dutch amateur botanist)
Radermachera xylocarpa (Roxb.) Roxb. ex K.Schum.,(xylo-wood, carpus-fruit, refers to woody fruits of the species) naga-dundilamనాగ డుండిలం , naguruనగురు 

SPATHODEA P. Beauv., (Etymology: From the Greek spathe "spathe" and -odes "resembling", in reference to the calyx of some species of the genus.Spathe like Calyx)

Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv.,(refers to bell shaped flowers) neeru buddaనీరు బుడ్డ, paatadeపాతదే , paatadiyaపాతదియా , 

STEREOSPERMUM Cham.,(Etymology: From the Greek stereos (solid, firm or three-dimensional) and spermos (seed)

Stereospermum cheilonoides (L.f.) DC.,(cheilo- lip, oides-resemble, refers to lip shaped corolla) ambuvaasini,అంబువాసిని  galluguduగల్లుడుగు , goddalipukusuగొడ్డలి ఫుకుసు ,  ishikarasiఇశిక రాశి , ishirashi,ఇషి రాశి   kalagoruకలగోరు ,  kaligottu,కలిగొట్టు,   kuberaakshiకుబేరాక్షి , magavaepa, మగ వేప , mokkavepaమొక్క వేప , paadari chettuపాదరి చెట్టు , paatalaపాటల , paathaliపాతలి , pisulపిసుల , pulakailపులకైల్ , pulakevalamuపూల కేవలం , thagu ambuvasiniతగుఅంబువాసిని, kakkisaకక్కిస , tedla-palaతెడ్ల పాల , vivi వీవీ 
Stereospermum tetragonum DC.,(with 4 angles, refers to 4 angled  fruit)godalippulusu,గొడ్డలి పులుసు isikirasiఇశిక రాశి,  kaligottuకలిగొట్టు, magavepaమగ వేప,  tagada తగడ,paatalaపాటల

TABEBUIA Gomes ex DC.,(Etymology: From the Brazilian vernacular name for a species in the genus)

Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook.f. ex S.Moore; (golden yellow, refers to flower colour)

Tabebuia berteroi (DC.) Britton ,( for Carlo Guiseppe L. Bertero (1789–1831), Italian physician and traveller who died at sea between Tahiti and Chile)

Tabebuia pallida; '(light coloured)

Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) Bertero ex A.DC. , (rose coloured ) edaakula ganneru ఏడాకుల గన్నేరు 

TECOMA Juss.,(Etymology: From the Mexican native name for this plant, Tecoma xochitl)

 Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl.,(from Cape of S.Africa) 

Tecoma castanifolia (D.Don) Melch.,(with leaves resembling those of the chestnut

Tecoma  stans  (L.) Juss. ex Kunth ,(self-supporting, erect, upright) paccagotla,పచ్చ గొట్ల  pachaganneru,పచ్చ గన్నేరు  suvarna ganneru,సువర్ణ గన్నేరు   bandaaru gantalu బంగారు గంటలు 

TECOMELLA Seem.,(Etymology: feminine diminutive from Tecoma)

Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem., (With vavy margin , of the leaves) rugotrora,రుగోత్ర  shalmalika,శల్మలిక   raktapushpa,రక్త పుష్ప 

LENTIBULARIACEAE Richard, nom. cons.

Vegetatively diverse insectivorous herbs of wet habitats. Utricularia may have leaves or not, but plant parts are modified in to animal-collecting bladders with trap-door entrances that open on stimulation of one of the four sensitive hairs. The flowers are strongly bilabiate, with a nectar-secreting spur, and there are only two anthers.  

UTRICULARIA L.,(Etymology: Little-womb, utriculus, diminutive of uterus (referring to the inflated insect trapping bladders in the submerged branches)

Utricularia cerulae

Utricularia aurea Lour., 
 Utricularia bifida L.,    
Utricularia caerulea L.,  
Utricularia graminifolia Vahl, 
Utricularia gibba L.,
Utricularia polygaloides Edgew., 
Utricularia scandens Benj., 
Utricularia stellaris L.f.,
 Utricularia striatula Sm.,

VERBENACEAE Jaume Saint-Hilaire, nom. cons.

Vines, trees, or herbs; aromatic, the opposite leaves are serrate; the stem is often 4-angled and with a line across the node, eglandular hairs unicellular, and the often rather weakly monosymmetric flowers with a trumpet-shaped corolla and more or less included anthers are borne in racemes or heads. A of two lengths, but free ; G collateral, placenta on the margin of the carpel,The stigmatic area is conspicuously asymmetricly swollen and glandular and the ovary has four ovules. obturator +; fruit a schizocarp or drupe, K persistent. 4-carboxy-iridoids +; needle crystals common; stomata diacytic, 

CITHAREXYLUM L.,(Etymology: From the Greek kithara (lyre) and xylon (wood); a Latinized form of the Jamaican vernacular term for 'fiddlewood')

Citharexylum spinosum L., (with spines) anantapadmalakshmi,అనంతపద్మలక్ష్మి  marjijatiమర్జి జతి , maryadajatiమర్యాదజతి 

DURANTA L.,(Etymology: Named for Castore Durante, 16th century botanist and papal physician to Sixtus V)

Duranta erecta L., (erect or straight)

LANTANA L.,(Etymology: an old Latin name for Viburnum)

Lantana camara L., ( arched or chambered.) akshinta pooluఅక్షింతల పూలు , gaju kampaగాజు కంప , kampu roddaకంపు రొడ్డ , puli kampaపులి కంప ,  chikiచీకి , gabbu seekiగబ్బు సీకి ,  

Lantana indica Roxb.,

 Lantana wightiana Wall. Ex Gamble, 

 PETREA L.,(Etymology: Named for Lord Robert James Petre, 18th century English patron of botany and horticulture)

Petrea volubilis L.,(entwining, refers to the habit)

PHYLA Lour.,(Etymology: tribe It refers to how species in this genus often have many flowers that occur in tight clusters.) 

Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene,(flowers emerge from nodes)  bokenaku,బొక్కెనాకు  bokkenaబొక్కెన , gajapippala-kadaగజ పిప్పలి కాడ , mosalipappuమొసలిపప్పు  , neeru pippali kadaనీరు పిప్పలి కాడ 

PRIVA Adans.,(Etymology: Genus name coined by Adanson. " The derivation of the name is unknown". (In " An Encyclopedia of Plants " edited by J.C. Loudon, 1829.

Priva cordifolia (L.f.) Druce,(with heart shaped leaves)

STACHYTARPHETA Vahl, (Etymology: from the Greek stachys- spike and tarphys- thick . It refers to the dense spike inflorescence found in many species of this genus) 

 Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl, (from Jamaica)  maeda balakuమేడ బాలాకు, eduru vuttareni ఎదురు ఉత్తరేణి   
Stachytarpheta  urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims, 

CHASCANUM E.Meyer

Chascanum hyderabadense (Walp.) Moldenke

VERBENA L.,(Etymology: Sacred-bough, from the Latin name, verbena, verbenae, for the leafy twigs carried by priests, used in wreaths for Druidic ritual, and in medicine (used byVirgil and Pliny for vervain, Verbena officinalis), Celtic, ferfain

Verbena officinalis L.,(used in medicines) 

LAMIACEAE Martynov, nom. cons.//LABIATAE Jussieu, nom. cons. et nom alt.

Mostly herbs; stem often 4 angled; eglandular hairs unicellular; or stellate; leaves simple or palmately compound, lamina vernation variable, margins toothed; flowers monosymmetric, stamens 4 or 2, staminode 0 ;G [2(-5)], style bifid, stigma inconspicuous, not expanded, ovules 2 per carpel, borne on inner side of carpel margin, erect, apotropous; fruit indehiscent, a schizocarp, berry or drupe, calyx persistent or accrescent;

Diterpenoids, betaines, C4-decarboxylated iridoids +;worldwide.

ACROCEPHALUS  Benth.,(Etymology: From the Greek akros -terminal and kephale - head, refers to flowers in terminal heads)

Acrocephalus hispidus (L.) Nicolson & Sivadasan, (bristly)( nallamala, vskp); prunellaపృనెల్ల 

AJUGA L.(Etymology:Scribonius Largus’ corrupted Latin for abortifacient (in Pliny, abigo, to drive away) ,From the Greek a -without and jugum- yoke)

Ajuga macrosperma Wall. ex Benth., VSKP;(macro-large, sperma-seed, having large seeds) nilakanthi నీలకాంతి 

ANISOCHILUS Wallich ex Bentham,(Etymology: aniso--unequal or uneven,cheilos-lip,refers to the unequal corolla lobes)  

Anisochilus carnosus (L.f.) Wall., (pulpy, fleshy, thick and soft textured,refers to leaf texture) adusapundlaaku,అడుసుపుండ్ల ఆకు karpuravalli,కర్పూర వల్లి   omamuaku,ఒమ మ్ ఆకు  pindi bondaపిండి బొండ , ritchu rodda,రిచు/రొచ్చురొడ్డ  , rogachettuరోగ చెట్టు , saraguduganapaసరగుడు గణప  

Anisochilus eriocephalus Benth.,(erio-wooly, cephalus- head)

 Anisochilus verticillatus Hook.f., 

ANISOMELES R.Br.,(Etymology: from Greek aniso-unequal,  and meles- limb or member, a reference to the unequally-sized petals, or describing the flower anthers (upper pair are single-celled, while lower pair are two-celled). 

 Anisomeles heyneana Benth., , 
Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze, adabeeraఆడబీర

 Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R.Br. ex Sims,chinnaranabheri,చిన్నరణభేరి  maabheri, మాభేరి  maga beera, మగ బీర  moga bheri, మొగభేరి, mogbeerakuమొగబీరాకు ; 

BASILICUM Moench,(Etymology: From Greek basilikos- from Latin basilicus- means princely or royal herb)

Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench, (with many spikes) kaachana, కాంచన kaashana కాశన 

CALLICARPA L.,(from Greek call-beautiful, carpon-fruit-beautiful fruited plant

Callicarpa arborea Roxb.,(with tree like/tree habit) 
Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl, (having large leaves)
Callicarpa tomentosa (L.) L.,(with matted hair on plant parts) bodiga chettuబోడిగచెట్టు 

CLERODENDRUM L.,(Etymology:From Greek  kleros, meaning "chance or fate" or "clergy", and dendron,tree;  (the tree was used for religious and medicinal purposes hence named as chance tree) ; (early names for Ceylonese species
arbor fortunata and arbor infortunata)

Clerodendrum aculeatum (L.) Schltdl. (with sharp prickle like structures)( Volkameria aculeata L.) kampu chettu కంపుచెట్టు  ,

 Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabb., (from China)dilbahar,దిల్బహార్  madras malliమద్రాస్మల్లి, 
Clerodendrum cordatum D.Don, (with heart shaped leaves)basavanapaadu బసవన పాదు ,  bogadaబొగడ , bokkuduబొక్కుడు, busi బూసి, chirmabusiచిర్మ బూసి, dudhikaదూదిక ,  gurrapukattiyakuగుర్రపుకట్టిఆకు , gurujaగురుజ , konda-thakaliకొండ తకాళి , 
 Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze, (from India)bhaarangi,భారంగి , brahmiబ్రహ్మి , chirutekaచిరు టేక , hanjikaహంజిక  
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn., (defence less without spines)erupuchha ఎర్రుపుచ్చ, etipisangiఏటి పిసంగి, etipisinikaఏటి పిసినాక, nillavuppiనల్ల ఉప్పి /నల్లుప్పి ,pisangiపిసంగి, pishinikaపిసినాక thakkolamuతక్కోలము, thakkolapu chettu,తక్కోలపు చెట్టు utichettu,ఊటి/వూటి చెట్టు , yeti యేటి పిసినాక pisinika; 
Clerodendrum infortunatum L.,(unfortunate or poisonous) baswanapadu,బసవన్నపాదు   bogada,బొగడ, bokkada,బొక్కడ  bokkuduబొక్కుడు, chirmabusi,చిర్మ బూసి cinnabusi,చిన్న బూసి  gurrapugatteaku,గుర్రపుగట్టేటాకు,  gurrapukkattiyaku,గుర్రపు కట్టె ఆకు guruja,గురుజ , mangalagiddiమంగళ గిడ్డి , piduguduపిడుగుడు , 
 Clerodendrum phlomidis L.f., (resembling) kond-takai,కొండ తకై  nelli, నెల్లి takkolamuతక్కోలము , talaki,తలకి  taluki,తలుకి   tekkali,తె క్కాలి  telaki,తెలకి  tilaka,తిలక  tukadiతుకాడి 

CLINOPODIUM L.- (Etymology: from Greek for "bed-foot," referring to flower's likeness to bed-castors or for the knob-shaped appearance of the inflorescence)

Clinopodium capitellatum (Benth.) Kuntze, (small head like inflorescence)

COLEBROOKEA Sm.,(Etymology: for Henry Thomas Colebrook FRS FLS (1765–1837), Sanskrit
scholar and naturalist)

 Colebrookea oppositifolia Sm.,jolidi, జొలిది    tolisi తొలిసి 

ENDOSTEMON N.E.Br.,(Etymology: endo-inside, stemon-stamens (refers to included stamens)

Endostemon viscosus (Roth) M.R.Ashby,(with sticky nature) adavi thulasi,అడవితులసి  metta thulasiమెట్టతులసి 

GMELINA L.,(Etymology: for Johann Georg Gmelin (1709–55), German naturalist and traveller in Siberia, professor of botany at Tübingen University)

Gmelina arborea Roxb.,(tree habit) adavigummudu,అడవి గుమ్ముడు  adivigumadi,అడవి గుమ్మడి  belligumudu,బెల్లిగుమ్ముడు,challagummuduచల్లగుమ్ముడు, chittunguduచిట్టున్గుడు, errinatuvaఎర్రి నటువ, gamuduగాముడు, gummadi tekuగుమ్మడి టేకు, gummadi chettuగుమ్మడిచెట్టు, gummuduగుమ్ముడు,  kaashmari కాస్మరి,  kasmiryamu,కాశ్మిరియం, parsini పర్సిని , pedda gumudu, పెద్ద గుమ్ముడు  peddagumudutaekku, పెద్దగుమ్మడి టేకు  peddakummiపెద్ద కుమ్మి , peggumadu,పెగ్గుమ్ముడు,theggummudu,తెగ్గుమ్మడు; 
Gmelina asiatica L., (of or from Asia)adavi gummudu, అడవి గుమ్ముడు challa gummudu, చల్ల గుమ్ముడు chiru gummudu,చిరు గుమ్ముడు  chiru nelli,చిరు నెల్లి   chitti gumuduచిట్టి గుమ్ముడు,gummidiగుమ్మడి, gumudu,గుమ్ముడు   kaarugummudu, కారు గుమ్ముడు , kavvagummudu,కవ్వ గుమ్ముడు nelagummudu, నేల గుమ్ముడు  peddanelli,పెదనెల్లి 

GOMPHOSTEMMA Wall., (Etymology: gompho-peg, nail , club shaped (with an enlarged distal part)stemma- flower head(of inflorescence)

Gomphostemma parviflorum Wall. ex Benth.,(with small flowers)   

HOLMSKIOLDIA Retz.(Etymology: for Theodore Holmskjold (1732–1794), Danish physician and
botanist, professor at Sorø Academy, Denmark)

Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz., Blood red , refers to flower colour)
 HYPTIS Jacq.,(Etymology: from Greek huptios -turned back, a reference to the lower lip position of flower. refers to the resupinate corolla limb)

Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., (fragrant or sweetly scented, describing the plant's minty scent.) danthi thulasi,దంతితులసి seema thulasi,సీమతులసి  sirna tulasiసిర్నతులసి 

ISODON (Schrad. ex Benth)Spach,. (Etymology:  from Greek equal toothed, refers to calyx tooth))

Isodon japonicus (Burm.f.) H.Hara,(from Japan)
LAVANDULA L.,(Etymology: To-wash, a diminutive from lavo, lavare, lavi, lautum (because the ancient Romans and Carthaginians used lavender in their bath water as a perfume as well as for its therapeutic properties./ another derivation from Latin meaning  bluish, refers to the flower colour )

Lavandula bipinnata (Roth) Kuntze,(twice pinnate)

LEONOTIS(C.H.Persoon)R.Br.,(Etymology: derived from the Greek words leon meaning lion and -otis meaning ear. This refers to the pubescent upper lip of each flower that resembles a lion’s ear,;Lion's ear)
Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br.,(having leaves resembling those of Nepeta,)

 baeri, బేరి, hanumanthabeera,హనుమంతబీర   magabura,మగబీర   mulugolimidi,ములు/ముళ్లగొలిమిడి    rana chettu,రణ చెట్టు   ranabheriరణభేరి 

LEUCAS Roxb.,(Etymology: meaning white (may species represent the colour of the flower)

 Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link,(aspera meaning rough); thummi, tummi chettu, తుమ్మి/ తుమ్మి చెట్టు It is not thumma, thumma relates to Acacia  
Leucas biflora (Vahl) R.Br. ex Sm.,(having 2 flowers at each node) gobbi గొబ్బి  
Leucas cephalotes (Roth) Spreng., (with large flower heads)pedda tummiపెద్ద తుమ్మి,  thummiతుమ్మి,  
Leucas chinensis (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm., (from China)
Leucas ciliata Benth,(fringed with hairs) 
Leucas diffusa Benth.,(spreading loosely)

Leucas hirta (B.Heyne ex Roth) Spreng.,(with short stiff hairs)
Leucas decemdentata (Willd.) Sm., (splitting into 10 teeth, refers to calyx) 
Leucas lanata Benth.,(wooly) 

Leucas lanceifolia Desf.,(with lance shaped leaves)

Leucas lavandulifolia J.E. SM.,(with Lavender like leaves) pulatumni పూలతుమ్మి,

Leucas linifolia Spreng (narrow, linear leaves)pulatumniపూలతుమ్మి 

Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R. Br.(from Martinique)

Leucas mollissima Wall. ex Benth,( softest in nature) tummi తుమ్మి  

Leucas montana Spreng.,(related to mountains)

Leucas nutans (Roth)Spreng, (drooping, refers to calyx in inflorescence)

 Leucas stricta Benth., (straight, refers to calyx teeth)drona pushpaద్రోణ పుష్ప   

Leucas urticaefolia (Vahl) R.Br., (with Urtica like leaves)

Leucas vestita Benth.  var. Vestita, (clothed with hairs)

Leucas zeylanica var. walkeri (Benth.) Hook.f.(from Ceylone,walkeri- for General George Warren Walker (d. 1844), collector in India and Ceylon

MENTHA L.,(Etymology: The name for mint leaves in Pliny)

Mentha arvensis L.,(arvensis-of the cultivated field)  wild mint; 
Mentha x Piperita L., igaenglikoora, ఈగెంగిలికూర, pudina, పుదీనా,

MERIANDRA Benth.,(Etymology: meri-part+andros-stamens, refers to parted/divided stamens)

Meriandra bengalensis (Konig ex Roxburgh) Benth.,(from Bengal)

MICROMERIA Benth.,(Etymology: micro-Small-parts, (refering to the leaves and flowers)

Micromeria biflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Benth.,(2 flowers at each node) 

OCIMUM L.,(Etymology: Theophrastus’ name, for an aromatic plant), 

Ocimum africanum Lour., (from Africa)నూగు కుక్కతులసి ;

Ocimum americanum L., (from America) kaukkatulasi, కుక్కతులసి  kuppatulasi కుప్పతులసి 

Ocimum basilicum L. var. Basilicum,(said to be from the Greek for "to smell" on account of the powerful scent of the plants)bhu-tulasi,భూతులసి, rudrajada రుద్రజడ , vebudi-pach-cha,విభూతిపచ్చ,  vibhudi patri, విభూది పత్రి  gakarakau,గాకారాకు  komma gaggiri,కొమ్మగగ్గిరి   sabja,సబ్జా  vaepudupachha,వేపుడుపచ్చ ;

Ocimum filamentossum Forrsk.,(thread like, refers to stamens)  

Ocimum gratissimum L.,(most pleasing) nimmatulasi,నిమ్మతులసి  raamathulasi, రామతులసి  

Ocimum tenuiflorum L.,(with slender flowers) brynda,బృంద, gaggera-chettuగగ్గెర , krishna tulsi, కృష్ణతులసి manchi tulasiమంచి తులసి, nalla tulasiనల్లతులసి  , nallagaggeraనల్లగగ్గెర  thella thulasi, తెల్లతులసి  , laksmi tulasiలక్ష్మి తులసి, tulasiతులసి,  

Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke (from Mount Kilimanjaro, NE Tanzania)

 karpura thulasi కర్పూర తులసి   

ORIGANUM L.,(Etymology:Ancient classical Greek name,Theophrastus’ name, for a sweet smelling  aromatic plant, Origanon-oros-mountain, ganos- beauty or delight; from Latin- Origanon- for the wild marjoram(Pliny) 

Origanum majorana L.,(for the sweet scented herb) maruvamమరువం  

ORTHOSIPHON Benth.,(Etymology: From Greek orthos-straight, siphon-tube, refers to straight tubed (Corolla)

Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume)Miq.- (Latin word meaning having ears of corn, i.e. with a long bristle tip).

Orthosiphon pallidus Royle ex Benth.,(with light coloured flowers) arjaka ఆర్జక , 
Orthosiphon rubicundus (D.Don) Benth. ( ruddy-complexioned, refers to stem, calyx etc) nela thappidi,నేలతప్పిడి,  poda thulasiపొదతులసి, 
Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen,(flowers similar to Thyme) adavisajjaఅడవిసజ్జ,katu tulasi కాటుతులసి 

PERILLA L.,(Etymology: from Latin perae- a wallet or pouch; or from Greek pera- a pouch, refering to the form of fruiting calyx) another derivation Thought to be from a Hindu vernacular name)

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, (shrub like habit) 

PLATOSTOMA P.Beauv.,(Etymology: from Greek platos-wide and stoma -mouth, refering to the mouth of corolla)

Platostoma elongatum (Benth.) A.J.Paton,(with long leaves and inflorescences)
Platostoma menthoides (L.) A.J.Paton,(resembles Mentha) bhutulasi భూతులసి  

PLECTRANTHUS L'Herit.,(Etymology:From Greek plctron- spur, and anthos-flower in reference  to the flower/corolla sometimes have a spur on upper side) 
Plectranthus ambonicus (Lour.)Spreng. (derived from Ambon, an island in the East Indies where Rumphius, a well-known botanist, is from.) karpoora valli,కర్పూరవల్లి  karuvaeruకరు వేరు , kapparellaaku కప్పరెల్లాకు, sugandhavalkamసుగంధ వల్కమ్ , vamu aaku వామాకు,

Plectranthus barbatus Andr., 

Plectranthus caninus Roth, 

Plectranthus mollis (Ait.) Spreng.;(very soft)

POGOSTEMON Desf.,(Etymology:from Greek pogon-beard, stemon-stamens refers to flowers having bearded stamens-(the hairs mid-way up the filaments)

Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm.f.) Kuntze,(From Bengal) gondri poolu, గొండ్రిపూలు, kusurijangకుసురి జంగ 
Pogostemon myosuroides (Roth) El Gazzar & L. Watson,(From Mysore) 
Pogostemon nilagiricus Gamble,(From Nilagiri) 
Pogostemon parviflorus Benth.,(With small flowers) (New addition
)Pogostemon rugosus (Hook.f.) El Gazzar & L. Watson,(with wrinkled surface on leaves) kondajajeni కొండ జాజైని ;

 Pogostemon pressii Panigrahi,
 Pogostemon stellatus (Lour.) Kuntze;
Pogostemon plectranthoides DESF.,(resemble Plectanthus) gaggerakuraగగ్గెర కూర, kusurijangకుసురి జంగ, pedda tulasiపెద్దతులసి  

PREMNA L.,(Etymology: From the Greek premnon "the stump of a tree", referring to the stump like-stature, the low habit of the species.)

Premna corymbosa Rottler & Willd., (flowers in corymbs) naaruva,నారువ, nagum,నాగం  nagura,నగుర  paamanthi,పామంతి  padmaka,పద్మక  pedda naaruva,పెద్దనారువ , pomantiపోమంటి
Premna herbacea Roxb. (of herbaceous habit). aadavinellikura, అడవినెల్లి కూర, gunta bharinga,గుంట భరంగీ, janna,జన్న  kura nelli, కూరనెల్లి  nela neredu, నేల నేరేడు this plant is not located in recent times 
Premna latifolia Roxb., (with broad leaves) konda manga కొండ మంగ , navuru,నవురు  nelli, నెల్లి , pedda nelli kura, పెద నెల్లికూర,  pinnamelli పిన్ననెల్లి, takliతక్లి  , 
Premna lucidula Miq.,(bright or shining) nauru నౌరు/నవురు,

Premna serratifolia L. (leaf with saw ilke margins)gabbunelli, gadanelli,గబ్బు నెల్లి  kanikaకణిక , karnikaకర్ణిక , naguraనగుర, nelli chettuనెల్లిచెట్టు, pinnanelli,పిన్నెల్లిthakkaduతక్కడు;
Premna tomentosa Willd.,(With matted hairs) kampugumudu కంపు గుమ్ముడు , kokkitiకొక్కితి , naaruvaనారువ , nagalనగల్,  naguru chettuనగురు చెట్టు , namuru నము రు , naoru, నౌరు, naravaనరవ 

ROTHECA Pers.,-(Etymology:  Origin unknown.(a Latin version of small teak in the Malayalam language) 

Rotheca serrata (L.) Steane & Mabb.; baarangi,బారంగి  banal chettuబాణాలచెట్టు, bhramaramariభ్రమరమారి, bommanamarriబొమ్మనమర్రి, bomalachettu బొమలచెట్టు   ,  chirutekuచిరు టేకు, gandu-bharangi,గండు భరంగి  gantubaarangiగంటు బారంగి,  neta,నేత  panjaపంజ, suvvipiసువ్విపి
SALVIA L.,(Etymology: salvia- (herb sage (Pliny), Latin salvus-safe, well preserved, Akkadian- salva-healthy,  healer (the old Latin name for sage with medicinal properties (cognates are old French, saulje, sauge and our sage)comes from the Latin salveo, "I am well," and an herb, Salvia, used for healing)

 Salvia plebia R.Br.,(common) kachoralu,కచోరాలు  kichili-baddaluకిచిలీ బద్దలు 

 Salvia splendens Sell. ex Nees(Cultivated)

SCUTELLARIA L.,(Etymology: scutella- small dish, dish, refers to the depression of the fruiting calyx)

Scutellaria barbata D.Don ,(with tufts of hairs)
Scutellaria violacea Heyne ex Benth.,

SYMPHOREMA Roxb.,(Etymology: From Greek symphorema- brought together, compound, referring to the capitate cymes within the involucre)

Symphorema involucratum Roxb.,(with a conspicuous involucre) budamarri, బుడమర్రి esaparatigaఇసపరతీగ  , gubbadaara, గుబ్బదార,  kondathekkaliకొండ తెక్కలి , naguru,నగురు,  penditigeపెండి తీగ ,  suruduసురుడు, thellapippiliతెల్ల పిప్పిలి ,

TECTONA L.,(Etymology: From the Greek tektovia,  Tamil name tekka-maram, for Teak (tekka)

Tectona grandis L.f.,(large, showy, refers to large sized leaves and inflorescence) adaviteku,అడవి టేకు  pedda taeku, పెద్ద టేకు,  taekuటేకు , teek,టీక్  

TEUCRIUM L., (Etymology: perhaps for Teucer, hero and first King of Troy(from Dioscorides’ name,)/ from Teucer (teukros -Greek)the founder of the town Salamis in Cyprus)from Latin teucrion for a plant, the germander.]

Teucrium tomentosum Heyne ex Benth.,(with matted hair)

VITEX L.,(Etymology: an ancient name used in Pliny possibly for chaste tree, Vitex agnus-castus  probably derived from the Latin vieo, -es, -etum, -ere "to plait, to tie up, to twine".

Vitex altissima L.f.,(the tallest species of the genus) busi chettu బూసిచెట్టు, gandarupuగండరపు  mayuramu మయూరము (for v. alata), mayurapau, ,మయూరపు అడుగు  mirapagandra మిరపగండర, nemaliaduguనెమలిఅడుగు, nemiliadagu,నెమిలిఅడుగు nevaliadugu, నెవలిఅడుగు    
Vitex leucoxylon L.f., (leuco-white, xylon-wood, refers to whitish/light coloured wood) gajavaavili,గజ వావిలి  jinnukoyiజిన్ను కోయి,  kondavaviliకొండ వావిలి, lokkiలొక్కి , lukiలూకి, mylelluమైలేలు , nevalaedi,నెవలేడి 
Vitex negundo L.,(from the Sanskrit name nirgundi )nalla vaaviliనల్ల వావిలి , sinduvaaramuసింధు వారము , thella vaaviliతెల్ల వావిలి , vaavili, వావిలి , 
Vitex peduncularis Wall. ex Schauer,(with conspicuous peduncles)  navaladiనవలాడి 
 Vitex pinnata L., (with pinnate leaves) baatangi బాటంగీ , busi బూసి , nemaliyaduguనెమలిఅడుగు,  rachangiరాచంగి,
Vitex quinata (Lour.)F.M.Williams., ( quin-5, ata- partite/divided, leaves with 5 leaflets)  
Vitex trifolia L.,(leaves with 3 leaflets)   chiruvaavili, చిరు వావిలి  neelavaavili, నీల వావిలి  neeruvaaviliనీరు వావిలి , nilivavili,నీలి వావిలి  nochili,నొచ్చిలి , shiruvavili,సిరు వావిలి , thellavaalliతెల్ల వావిలి ,  vavili వావిలి  

OROBANCHACEAE Ventenat, nom. cons.

Hemiparasitic herbs; leaves spiral to opposite; lamina margins often toothed to deeply lobed;  inflorescens raceme; flowers monosymmetric, calyx free; Corolla aestivation quincuncial. Staminodes 0, anther thecae parallel or ± confluent, sagittate to inverted U-shaped, often hairy, with tails or basal awns; carpels 5, superior, stigma clavate to capitate; ovule more than 1 per carpel, placentation parietal. Capsule loculicidal to septicidal, or indehiscent; seeds minute, winged. Ectomycorrhizae absent; orobanchin present, little oxalate accumulation.

Mostly tropical.

ALECTRAThunb. (Etymology: Unwedded or Illicit(Mostly parasitic on grasses)

Alectra arvensis (Benth.) Merr.,(of cultivated/ploughed fields),

BUCHNERA L.,(Etymology: for Dr Wilhelm Buchner of Nuremberg, alpine botanist)

Buchnera hispida Ham. Ex. D.Don,

CENTRANTHERA R. Br.,(Etymology: from the Greek centron- to prick, torture, torment,spur, anthos-flowers, anthera-anthers  refers to flowers with spurred anthers)

Centranthera tranquebarica (Spreng.) Merr.,(from Tranquebar of Tamilnadu)

MICRARGERIA Benth.,(Etymology: micro-small, argera-silvery, refers to plants with little silvery shine)

Micrargeria wightii Benth.,(in honour of Robert Wight)
OROBANCHE L.,(Etymology: from Greek orobos, a kind of vetch, and anchone, "choke or strangle" because of a parasitic habit, this was the Greek name of a plant that was parasitic on vetch Legume-strangler (one species parasitizes legumes)

Orobanche cernua Loefl., (facing down wards, refers to flowers) boduబోడు, pogaaku malle పొగాకుమల్లె   

RHAMPHICARPA Benth.,(Etymology: From the Greek ramphos, a beak; karpos, fruit. The fruit is usually a beaked capsule.)

Rhamphicarpa fistulosa (Hochst.) Benth.(hollow, pipe like)

SOPUBIA Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don,(Etymology: from an Indian vernacular name

Sopubia delphinifolia G.Don,,(leaves resemble Delphinium)
STRIGA Lour.,(Etymology: Swathe, strigosus thin (most are rigidly erect)

Striga angustifolia (D.Don) C.J. Saldanha,(narrow leaved) jonnamalle జొన్నమల్లె, 

Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze,(from Asia)rathi badamikaరాతిబదనిక,

Striga densiflora(Benth.)Benth., (flowers densly arranged)

Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke,( resemble Gesneria)gaddi badamikaగడ్డిబదనిక

ASTERALES Link

(Includes Asteraceae, Campanulaceae, Goodeniaceae

 visit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/140231536@N03/albums/72157666277525466

CAMPANULACEAE Jussieu, nom. cons. (Etymology: with bell-like flowers)

Herbs to shrubs or rosette plants; leaves alternate, margin serrate or entire; flowers 5 merous, monosymmetric, in terminal racemes, resupinate by pedicel torsion; calyx persistent, median sepal abaxial,  corolla with early tube formation, connate; anthers  basifixed, anthers introrse, filaments connate at least apically, anthers connate; G [2], inferior, (placentation parietal), placentae intrusive, bilobed, style elongating after A dehiscence, with hairs, stigma lobed; fruit many seeded loculicidal capsule. Inulin , chelidonic acid, pyridine alkaloids  present. 

LOBELIA L.,(Etymology: for Matthias de l’Obel (1538–1616), Flemish renaissance pioneer of

botany and herbalist to James I of England, author of Plantarum seu stirpium historia)

Lobelia alsinoides Lam.,(resembles Alsine-chickweed)
Lobelia heyneana Schult.,(
Lobelia nicotianaefolia Roth. ex. R.&S.,(leaves resemble Nicotiana Tobacco) adavipogakuఅడవిపొగాకు 

WAHLENBERGIA Schrader ex Roth,(Etymology: for George Wahlenberg (1780–1851), Professor of Botany at Uppsala and author of Flora Lapponica (1812)

Wahlenbergia erecta (Roem.&Schult.)Moel&Tyun.,(stands straight) (Rare in Chittoor, Godavari, Kurnool)

GOODENIACEAE R. Brown, nom. cons.,(Etymology: for Dr Samuel Goodenough (1743–1827), Bishop of Carlisle, founder member of the Linnaean Society, Vice-President of the Royal Society, monographer of Carex)

Herbaceous plants with spiral leaves and monosymmetric flowers. The corolla is often divided to the base adaxially, the lobes have marginal wings that may make each lobe look trilobed, and the style is curved, with an apical cup and (in older flowers) a bilobed stigma in the middle. The anthers dehisce in bud and the ovary is nearly always inferior.

SCAVEOLA L.,(Etymology: from the Greek scaeva meaning left-handed for the hand-like aspect of the flower.(Missouri botanical garden)

Scaveola taccada (Gaertn)Roxb.,(Latinized from the vernacular name of the genus in Ceylon;)   

MENYANTHACEAE Dumortier, nom. cons. (Etymology: Theophrastus name for Moon-flower/ another derivation from Greek  menyein, meaning "disclosing", and anthos, meaning "flower", in reference to the sequential opening of flowers on the inflorescence)

Aquatic or marsh herbs; leaves two-ranked, orbicular or palmately-compound, leaf base broad, petiole margins winged; flowers heterostylous; polysymmetric; calyx basally connate, corolla lobes with marginal wings or with  fimbriae; anthers sagittate; pistil superior, placentation parietal, stigma bilobed-spathulate, fruit a loculicidal capsule.

 Flavonols only present; tannins 0.  

NYMPHOIDES J.Hill.,(Etymology: resembling Nymphaea,)

Nymphoides hydrophylla (Lour.) Kuntze,(water leaf) anthara thaamaraఅంతరతామర, chiri alli చిరి అల్లి , pitta kaluvaపిట్ట కలువ ,  
Nymphoides indica (L.)O.Kuntze.,anthara thaamaraఅంతరతామర, (Rare in Kurnool, Chittoor dist.,) 

ASTERACEAE Berchtold & J. Presl, nom. cons. //COMPOSITAE Giseke, nom. cons. et nom. alt.

Herbs rarely trees or vines; leaves  opposite, rarely alternate; flowers small, aggregated into head or capitulum,  lacking a terminal flower, involucral bracts in several series; flowers poly- or variously monosymmetric, flowers open first on the outside, bracts or bracteoles 0; calyx reduced; corolla 5 lobed, 3-lobed in  ray florets, lobes of disc corollas usually longer than wide; anthers connate  and form a tube through which the style extends before the two stigmatic lobes separate and become recurved; anthers with conspicuous apical and basal appendages. Ovary inferior, one loculed, ovule solitary, basal. Fruits single seeded, calyx pappose in fruit; and are frequently dispersed by wind.Various alkaloids, polyacetylenes  , iso/chlorogenic acid, isoflavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, pentacyclic triterpene alcohols, terpenoid essential oils,  present in the seeds, tannins also present.   

ACANTHOSPERMUM Schrank,(Etymology: acanthos- spiny, sperma-seed , refers to spiny seeds of the genus)

Acanthospermum hispidum DC., pallerupuvvu పల్లేరుపువ్వు  

ACILEPIS D.Don (Etymology: acis-needle shaped,lepis- scale  with sharp/pointed scales 

Acilepis divergens (Roxb.) H.Rob. & Skvarla,(wide spreading) (Syn.Vernonia divergens)

ACMELLA Pers. (Etymology: from Greek akme meaning "(the highest) point, edge or peak of anything, Of-the-best, or Pointed; vigorous, of the best, referring to the taste of the foliage) 

Acmella oleracea (L.)R.K.Jansen,(aromatic, vegetable, of cultivation)
Acmella paniculata (Wall. ex DC.) R.K.Jansen, (flower heads in panicles)marati mogga మరాఠీ మొగ్గలు , marati tega మరాఠీ తీగలు 

ADENOSTEMMA Forst.,(Etymology: from Greek adeno-glandular, stemma--crown, refers to glandular flower heads)

 Adenostemma lavenia (L.) Kuntze,(origin unknown, but adopted by Linnaeus ) adavijeelakarra అడవిజీలకర్ర ,
Adenostemma macrophyllum (Bl.)DC.,

AGERATINA Spach., (Etymology: meaning 'un-aging', in reference to the flowers keeping their color for a long time. This name was used by Dioscorides for a number of different plants) 

Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob.,(gland bearing)

AGERATUM L.,(Etymology: From the Greek a- 'without' and geras 'old', meaning not aging, possibly referring to the fact that the flowers do not wither readily un-aging ((the flower-heads long retain their colour).

 Ageratum conyzoides L., (resemble Conyza)pokabanthiపోకబంతి ,adavipudina  అడవిపుదీనా,
 Ageratum houstonianum Mill., Named after the genus Houstonia, which is named after the English botanist Dr William Houston.

AMBERBOA (Pers.)Less.,(Etymology: from Latin amburo, injure, refers to spiny leaves, likely to injure)

Amberboa ramosa (Roxb.) Jafri, (much branched)

ANAPHALIS DC.,(Etymology: from the Greek name of a similar plant; also a near-anagram of Gnaphalium/ Greek name for an immortelle, derivation obscure)

Anaphalis adnata DC.,(attached through the whole length)

Anaphalis subdecurrens (DC.) Gamble,(slightly running down)

ARTEMISIA L.,(Etymology: Dioscorides’ name for Artemis (Diana), wife of Mausolus, of Caria, Asia Minor (Artemisia dracunculus is tarragon, Arabic, tarkhun)/Named for the goddess Artemis in Greek mythology, who so benefitted from a plant of this family that she gave it her own name(Daves Garden)/Greek goddess of the moon, wild animals and hunting (Missouri Botanical Gardens) 

 Artemisia indica Willd.,  machi-patriమాచపత్రి
 Artemisia japonica Thunb., 
Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp., maachipathri మాచి పత్రి ,
 Artemisia pallens Wall. ex. DC.,(light green coloured, refers to plant colour)  davanamuదవనం 

 BIDENS L.,(Etymology: two teeth (The scales at fruit apex)

Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff,(twice ternate, with three lobes each divided into three, refers to leaves and inflorescence)

Bidens pilosa L.,

 Bidens bipinnata L.,(with bi pinnate leaves)

BLAINVILLEA Cass.,(Etymology: Named after French naturalist Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville(177-1850).)

 Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson,(pointed)

 BLEPHARISPERMUM Wight,(Etymology: from Greek-blepharis-eyelash, sperma-seed, refering to the fringed seeds)

Blepharispermum subsessile DC., 

BLUMEA Candolle,(Etymology: for Karel Lodewijk Blume (1789–1862), Dutch writer on the E Indies)

Blumea axillaris (Lam.) DC.,kukkapogaaku కుక్క పొగాకు ,
 Blumea bifoliata (L.) DC., 
Blumea eriantha DC.kukundaraకుకుందర , 
Blumea hieracifolia (D. Don) DC.,  
Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC.,adavimulangi, advimulangi, అడవిముల్లంగి,karupogaku కారు పొగాకు    
Blumea laciniata (Roxb.) DC., 
Blumea membranacea DC., 
Blumea obliqua Druce, 
Blumea oxyodonta DC.,

 Blumea virens DC., 
Blumea viscosa (Mill.) V.M.Badillo,

BLUMEOPSIS Gagnep.,(Etymology: resembling Blumea) 

Blumeopsis flava (DC.) Gagnep., 

CAESULA Roxb.,(Etymology: Having laverder/ bluish-grey coloured nodes

Caesulia axillaris Roxb.,erra gobbi,ఎర్రగొబ్బి,gutti kuncha గుత్తికుంచ,thella jiluga తెల్లజీలుగ 

CARTHAMUS L. (Etymology: Painted-one, from Hebrew, qarthami, an orange-red dye (false saffron,Arabic, safra, is made from safflower, Carthamus tinctorius)

Carthamus tinctorius L.,(dye yielding)  Kusuma,  కుసుమ , kushumbaకుశుమ్బ  

CENTIPEDA Lour.,(Etymology: many stemmed one)

Centipeda elatinoides (Less.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex O.Hoffm.,

CALYPTOCARPUS Less.,(Etymology: with hooded fruit)

 Calyptocarpus vialis Less.,

CENTRATHERUM Cass.,with spurred anthers

 Centratherum punctatum Cass.,

 CHROMOLAENA DC.,(Etymology: From the Greek chroma (color) and laina (cloak), referring to colored phyllaries)

Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob.,kamyunist pacha కమ్యూనిస్ట్ పచ్చ 

CHRYSANTHEMUM L.,golden flower/From the Greek chrysos (gold) and and anthemon (flower)

Chrysanthemum indicum L.,chemanthiచేమంతి, saevanthika సేవంతిక  

CISSAMPELOPSIS (DC.)Miq.,(Etymology: ivy vine like)

Cissampelopsis corymbosa (Wall. ex DC.) C.Jeffrey & Y.L.Chen,(flowers in corymbs)

 CONYZA Lessing,(Etymology: A name used by  Theophrastus/From the Greek konops (flea), used by Pliny as a name for a fleabane)

Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist, (From Bonaria)
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist,(From Canada) 
Conyza stricta (Willd.) Hiern , 

CRASSOCEPHALUM Monech.,(Etymology: Thick-headed, botanical Latin, crassus-cephalum (the expanded peduncle)

Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S.Moore,(thick head)

COSMOS Cav.,(Etymology: From the Greek meaning universe(DavesGarden)/beautiful ornamental flowers)

Cosmos caudatus Kunth, (E.Godavari) ,
Cosmos sulphureus Cav.,tick-tick bantiటిక్టిక్ బంతి;   

CYANTHILLIUM L., (Eymology: probably Greek cyanos, blue, and anthyllion, little flower, alluding to corollas]

Cyanthillium albicans (DC.) H.Rob., 
Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob.,garita kammiగరిటకమ్మి, garitikamma,  గరిటకమ్మ, sahadeviసహదేవి      

CYATHOCLINE Cass.,(Etymology: From Greek Cyatho-cup-like, clinos-bend refers to oblique cup like involucre)

Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.-Ham. ex Don) Kuntze, 
Cyathocline manilaliana C.P.Raju & R.R.V.Raju (New addition)

DICHROCEPHALA LHeritier ex DC.,(Etymology: dichro-Two-coloured, cephala--headed-; head with 2 coloured florets), 

Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze, 

DICOMA Cass.,(Etymology: two haired, refers to fruit-pappus with 2 series of setae)

Dicoma tomentosa Cass.,vajradanthi వజ్రదంతి  

Dichoma tomentosa

ECHINOPS L.,(Etymology: echino-Hedgehog-oips-resembler, (the head resemble a globe like thistles)

Echinops echinatus Roxb.,brahma dandi, బ్రహ్మదండి, mulla banti,ముళ్ళబంతి,  pitchi ksusuma,పిచ్చికుసుమ,vaemadonda వేమదొండ        

ECLIPTA L.,(Etymology: Deficient; refers to few receptacular scales)

Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.,  galagara-chettu,గలగరచెట్టు   garugalu గరుగలు , gunta galagaraakuగుంటగలగరాకు,, gunta-galijeru,గుంటగలిజేరు   gunta-kalagara గుంట కలగర ,  brungaraj భృంగరాజ్     

ELEPHANTOPUS L., (Etymology: Elephants foot , refers to achenes carried on feet and make

some species troublesome weeds)
Elephantopus scaber L.,eddumalikechettu, eddunaalikechettu,ఎద్దునాలికచెట్టు,  enugabiraఏనుగుబీర, hustikasaka హస్తికసక

EMILIA Cass.,(Etymology: some suggest it is commemorative for Emily)

Emilia sonchifolia (L.)DC. ex DC., gaayapaakuగాయపాకు, tella nelanthu తెల్ల నేలంతు     

ENYDRA Lour.,(Etymology: water dweller(an otter)

Enydra fluctuans Lour.,

EPALTES Cass.,(Etymology: From Greek Epalthes healing / or for Greek goddess Epaltes 

Epaltes divaricata (L.)Cass.,

ERIGERON L.,(Etymology: Early old man (Theophrastus’ name (early-flowering fleabanes)

Erigeron sublyratus Roxb. ex DC.,

FLAVARIA  A.L.Juss.,(Etymology: from Latin-having yellow flowers)

Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) C. Mohrn , 

GALINSOGA Ruiz et Pavon,(Etymology: for Don Mariano Martinez de Galinsoga, eighteenth-century Spanish director of the botanic garden at Madrid (Englished as gallant soldier)

Galinsoga parviflora Cav., medakamanchiమేడకామంచి  

GERBERA L. (Etymology: for Traugott Gerber, German naturalist and traveller (Barberton daisy)
Many varieties are cultivated in the state
Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook.f., gerbera జెర్బేరా   

GLOSSOCARDIA Cass.,(Etymology: glosso-tongue shaped, refers to tongue shaped ray florets)  

Glossocardia bidens (Retzius) Veldkamp,, 
Glossocardia bosvallia (L.f.) DC., parapalanamuపరపలనం  

GNAPHALIUM  L.,(Etymology: soft downy(from Greek name for a plant with felted leaves)

Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers.,(poly-many, caulon-stemmed) nugu patri నూగుపత్రి  

GRANGEA Forsk.,(Etymology: an Adansonian name, possibly commemorative for Grange)

Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Desf.,maachi pathreమాచిపత్రి,, manchipathriమంచిపత్రి, , nemalipadhamనెమలిపాదం, save సావే        

GUIZOTIA Cass.,(Etymology:for François Pierre Guillaume Guizot (1787–1874), French historian and deposed from Premiership in 1849)

Guizotia abyssinica(L.f.) Cass.,(from Abyssinia) adavinvvulu,అడవినువ్వులు, verrinvvuluవెర్రినువ్వులు,  valiseluవలిసెలు , vulisiవులిసి,  

GYNURA Cass.,(Etymology: female tail (refers to an elongated stigma)

Gynura lycopersicifolia DC.,

 HELIANTHUS L.,(Etymology: helio-Sun, anthus-flower sun flower)

Helianthus annuus L., aadithya bhakti chettu,  ఆదిత్య భక్తి చెట్టు , poddatringudachettu, podduthirugudu chettu, poddutiruguduchettu, proddathringudda chettu, proddutiruguduchettuపొద్దుతిరుగుడు చెట్టు ,, sooryakaanthamuసూర్యకాంతం, surya kanthi సూర్య కాంతి , surya-kanti-vittulu, surya-vartamu సూర్య వర్తము , suryakanti  

HIMALAIELLA 

Himalaiella heteromalla (D. Don) Raab-Straube,

KLEINIA Mill.,(Etymology: Named for Dr. Jacob Theodor Klein, 18th century German zoologist)

Kleinia grandiflora (Wall. ex DC.) N.Rani,kundalaseviyaku, kundeluceviyaku, kundeluchevviaku కుందేలుచెవిఆకు, kukkanaaluka chettu కుక్కనాలుకచెట్టు,
LACTUCA 
Lactuca sativa L., kavu కావు   

LAGASCEA Cav.,(Etymology: For M. Lagasca (1776–1839), Professor of Botany at Madrid)

Lagascea mollis Cav.,

LAGGERA Schultz. Bippo. ex Koch,(Etymology: Hare's

Laggera alata (D.Don) Sch.Bip. ex Oliv., 
Laggera crispata (Vahl) Hepper & J. R. I. Wood, 

LAUNAEA Cass.,(Etymology: For J. Cl. M. Mordant de Launay, 1750–1816, lawyer, later librarian at Musée d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris)

Launaea intybacea (Jacq.) Beauverd, 
Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook.f.,

Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) Sch.Bip. ex Kuntze, 

MOONIA Arnott; (Etymology: Named after Alexander Moon a Scottish botanist;1825) 

Moonia naudicaulis Arn. (etymology:  naked stemmed)Located by Dr.N.Sivaram(A.C.F) in Talakona at high altitudes. It is a new distribution in A.P. 

Moonia heterophylla

OLIGOCHAETA (DC.)Koch.,(Etymology: oligo-small+chaeta-long hair like, refers to the indumentum)

Oligochaeta ramosa Wagenitz, 

PARTHENIUM L.,(Etymology: feverfew[Greek parthenos, virgin, or parthenion, ancient name of a plant used by Theophrastus’ ; allusion unclear]  for composites with white ray florets)

Parthenium hysterophorus L., ( from Greek hystero- inferior, womb, phorus-bearing, carrying, refers to each flower head is borne on a stalk/pedicel)-congresspoolu, కాంగ్రెస్ పూలుpitchi genjayi పిచ్చి గంజాయి , pitchi maachi pathre  పిచ్చిమాచపత్రి, congress grass కాంగ్రెస్గడ్డి, vayyaribhaama వయ్యారిభామ,     

PENTANEMA Cass.,(Etymology: penta-5, nema-thread, refers to  flowers with 5 anthers)

Pentanema indicum ( L. ) var. indicumY.Ling, adaviproddu thirugudu అడవిపొద్దుతిరుగుడు, pasupu jumiki puvvu పసుపుజుమికి పువ్వు, sale chamanthi సాలెచామంతి  

PLUCHEA Cass.,(Etymology: For Abbé N. A. Pluche, 1688–1761, French naturalist]

Pluchea ovalis (Pers.) DC., (With ovate leaves) kalamba కలంబ  

PSEUDOGNAPHALIUM Kirp. (Etymology: false Gnaphalum) 

Pseudognaphalium luteo-album (L.) Hilliard & B. L. Burtt(Looks yellowish-white)

PULICARIA Gaertn.,(Etymology: False fleabane [Latin pulex, flea, and -aria, pertaining to; alluding to use of the plants as flea repellent]

Pulicaria angustifolia DC., (with narrow leaves)adaviproddu thirugudu  అడవిపొద్దుతిరుగుడు 
Pulicaria wightiana C.B.Clarke, (in honour of Robert Wight)అడవిపొద్దుతిరుగుడు
SCLEROCARPUS Jacq.(Etymology: Sclero-means stone like; carpus- fruit; means having hard fruits/ achenes) 
Sclerocarpus africanus Jacq.(from Africa) located in Maredumilli

SENECIO L.-(Etymology:form Latin, meaning- of old man, refers to hairy parts of flowers )

Senecio tenuifolius Burm.f.,(slender leaved) kothimeera chamanthi కొత్తిమీరచామంతి 

 Sigesbeckia orientalis L., (from East)rekkala raani రెక్కల రాణి 

Solidago canadensis L.,(from Canada) Kada chamanthi కాడచామంతి   

SONCHUS L.,(Etymology: Sow-thistle, laiteron [Greek sonchos, ancient name for a kind of thistle, used by Theophrastus, and in Pliny)]

Sonchus oleraceus L., (edible, cultivated)rathrinta,  రాత్రింట,; 
Sonchus arvensis L.,(of cultivated fields)  jangli tamaku జంగలి తమకు 

SPHERANTHUS L.,(Etymology: From Greek sphairo-globular, anthos-flower, refers to Globular clusters of flower heads)

Sphaeranthus indicus L., boda savamu బోడసవము , bodasaramu, బోడసరం,  bodatharamuబోడతరం, boedatarapu-chettuబోడతరపుచెట్టు; sravani  శ్రావణీ(సం.)      

SPHAGNETICOLA O. Hoffmann,(Etymology: Evidently from Latin sphagnum, a moss, and cola, dwelling in, perhaps alluding to usually wet habitats]

Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski,(with 3 lobed leaves)

Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski, guntagalagara గుంట గలగర, kesharaajuకేశరాజు    

SYNEDRELLA Gaertn.,(Etymology:   derives from the Greek word synedria, a sitting together, a council, or perhaps, by association, a bench; -ella is a Latin suffix meaning 'little';perhaps alluding to clustering of heads/from the Greek word “synedros” meaning small flowers seated together ]

Synedrella nodiflora Gaertn., (flowerheads from the nodes of the stem)tella tami తెల్ల టామీ

TAGETUS L.,(Etymology: From Latin Named for Tages, an Etruscan god who sprang up from ploughed earth)

Tagetes erecta L.,(with erect inflorescences) bantiబంతి , 

Tagetes patula L.,(spreading, wide) kaarabbanthi కారబ్బంతి  

TITHONIA Desf. ex Juss.

Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley)A.Grey kaadabanthi కాడ బంతి(Cultivated, introduced) 

TRICHOLEPIS DC., (Etymology: From Greek- trichos- hair, lepis-scale, refers to hair like or fine as hair

Tricholepis radicans (Roxb.) DC.,(with rooting stems)

TRIDAX L., (Etymology:perhaps alluding to 3-lobed leaf blades characteristic of original species]three toothed-Theophrastus’ name for a lettuce; ligulate florets are often three-fid)

Tridax procumbens L.,(lying flat on the ground, creeping forwards)

 balapaaku,బలపాకు  gaayapaakuగాయపాకు, , gaddichamanthiగడ్డిచేమంతి, kampu chemanthi కంపుచేమంతి, palakaaku పలకాకు    

VERBESINA L.,(Etymology: perhaps from genus name Verbena and Latin -ina, resemblance]

Verbesina calendulacea L.,(with golden flower heads, resemble Calendula) syn. Sphagneticola calendulacea గుంటకలగర 
Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex A.Gray,(resemble Encelia)

VERNONIA L.,(Etymology: for William Vernon (1680–1711), English botanist and collector in N America/ Latin-flowering.

Vernonia divergens (Roxb.)Edgew, (spreading) jada sahadevi జడ సహదేవి  
Vernonia elaeagnifolia DC.,(leaves resemble Elaengea) 

WEDELIA Jacq.,(Etymology: For George Wolfgang Wedel, 1645–1721, botanist/professor at Jena]

Wedelia urticaefolia (Blume) DC. ex Wight ,(leaves similar to Urtica)

XANTHIUM L.,(Etymology:Greek xanthos, yellow, evidently alluding to an ancient name for a plant that produced a yellow dye]

Xanthium indicum Roxb., marula maatangi మరులమాతంగి,   

YOUNGIA L.(Etymology: for Thomas Young ( physicist and Egyptologist), 1773–1829]

Youngia japonica (L.)DC.,(From Japan)  

ZINNIA L.,(Etymology: For Johann Gottfried Zinn, 1727–1759, professor of botany, Göttingen, known for botanical studies in Mexico]

Zinnia elegans Jacq.,(with elegant look) zinnia poolu జిన్నియాపూలు

visit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/140231536@N03/albums/72157666200153432

APIALES Nakai

visit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/140231536@N03/albums/72157666349337865

PITTOSPORACEAE R. Brown, nom. cons.

Aromatic woody and sometimes thorny plants with simple, estipulate leaves and rather conspicuous flowers that have sepals, petals and stamens equal in number and a gynoecium often with parietal placentation. The fruits are often capsular and enclose pulpy-resinous seeds; the calyx is deciduous.

PITTOSPORUM Banks ex Sol.(Etymology: means tar-seed, refers to the resinous coating of the seed

Pittosporum napaulense (DC.) Rehder & E.H. Wilson, (from Nepal)chettu kasinda చెట్టుకసింద, rakamukiరాకాముకి 

Pittosporum napaulense

 ARALIACEAE Jussieu, nom. cons.

Stout-stemmed and little-branched shrubs or trees, rarely herbs, with large and prominent scars from the fallen leaves; the plant may smell strongly. The leaves are often variously compound and with broad bases, although these latter rarely more or less encircle the stem; stipules are common and are morphologically diverse, although they are generally borne on the leaf base. Petioles are often long, and/or they vary considerably in length on the one shoot; the leaflets are commonly articulated. The ultimate units of the inflorescence are umbels or heads, the flowers are often rather small, there are often three or more carpels and the petals are often valvate; the fruit is drupaceous, sometimes flattened laterally, and the seeds may be ruminate.

ARALIA L.-(Etymology: origin uncertain,Latinization of an old French-Canadian name aralie which probably came from Iroquois Indian language  (Araliaceae)

Aralia foliolosa (with well developed leaflets)

POLYSCIASJ.&G.Forster(Etymology:  From the Greek poly (many) and scias (canopy, or umbel; refers to many shaded foliage/ umbels))

Polyscias cumingiana (C.Presl) Fern.-Vill.,(Named for Hugh Cuming, 19th century British conchologist and botanist who collected in South America, the Philippines and the Pacific Islands)

 SCHEFFLERA J.&G.Forster,  (Etymology: named for J. C. Scheffler of Danzig)

Schefflera actinophylla - (with radiate leaves) Octopus tree, an exotic poisonous tree grown as ornamental;  

Schefflera stellata (Gaertn)Harms, (with star like leaves) edakula marri,ఏడాకుల మర్రి  purugudi పురుగుడి  

Schefflera venulosa (Wgith & Arn.) Harms var. venulosa (leaves with very fine veins) cippari, gaalanaచిప్పరి,గాలన  

APIACEAE Lindley, nom. cons.//UMBELLIFERAE Jussieu, nom. cons. et nom. alt. 

Plants woody; leaf base encircling stem; inflorescence axillary and terminal, branched 

, flowers small, 5 merous. Calyx a ring of teeth; corolla lobes clawed, free,  usually with inflexed tips; stamens 5, free; G [3], inferior, abaxial carpel fertile, stigma  capitate, ovules 1-2 per carpel; fruit dry schizocarp, mesocarp lignified, endocarp woody. Pyranocoumarins, myricetin, mannitol +, umbelliferose [raffinose (trisaccharide) isomer] the storage carbohydrate.

FOENICULUM Mill., (Etymology: The Latin name for fennel- feniculum or foeniculum, the diminutive of fenum or faenum, meaning "hay".)

Foeniculum vulgare Mill., fennel, (common or crowded) peddajilakurra,పెద్ద జిలకర  sopu,సోపు  sompuసోంపు  ; Anethum graveolens L., sompa సోంపు, satakappu vittulu శాతకప్పు విత్తులు ANETHUM L. -(Etymology: Undesirable(an ancient Greek name)  Anethum sowa Roxb. ex Fleming ,Dill, (from a vernacular name)soyakura సోయకూర, pedda sadaapara పెద్ద సదాపార,sabasige సబ్సిగే ,  shatakuppi-vittulu శత కుప్పి విత్తులు , sompaసొంప, sowaసోవ  Bunium bulbocastanum L., kala zeera (black cumin) or shahi zeera షాజిరా లేక  నల్లజిలకర గా పిలవ బడుతుంది.

BUPLEURUM L.- (Etymology: Ox-rib, an ancient Greek name used by Nicander)

Bupleurum ramosissimum Wight & Arn., (heavily branched) 

Bupleurum  andhricum M.P.Nayar & R.N.Banerjee,(from Andhra)

CENTELLA L.,(Etymology: from Greek centum (hundred) referring to profusely branched prostrate herb)

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.,(from Asia) saraswathi aaku, సరస్వతీఆకు,  babassa బబస్స , bekaparnamuబేకపర్ణము  , bokkuduబొక్కుడు,  mandooka brahmi, మండూకబ్రహ్మి,  vellaaraku  వెల్లారాకు, 

CORIANDRUM L.-,(Etymology: Theophrastus’ name for Coriandrum sativum

(coriander has seeds that resemble bed-bugs,)

Coriandrum sativum L.,(on cultivation) dhaniyaalu, ధనియాలు ,  kothimiri,  కొత్తిమీర, dried fruits are dhaniyaalu; fresh leaves are known as kothimira 

CARUM-(Etymology: from Caria, Dioscorides’ name, for caraway)

Carum carvi L.,(from Arabic, karwiya, caraway (Pliny derives it from an origin in

Caria, Asia Minor) shajira, షాజిర  seema jeeraka,సీమ జిలకర  seemai sompu,సీమ సోంపు  shimaisapu;

Cuminum cyminum L.,(an old generic name, Cuminum, kuminon from the Hebrew, kammon, for the aromatic seed (Cuminum cyminum exemplifies the use of Latin and Greek tomake a permissible tautological name) Jilakara జిలకర 

Nigella sativa L.,(Etymology: Nigella Derived from the Latin word for black, referring to the seeds);

sativa- means cultivated

Black carawy -నల్ల జిలకర -It belongs to family Ranunculaceae  

DAUCUS- L. (Etymology: An ancient Latin name for carrot.) 

Daucus carota L.,- meaning carrot; carrot కారెట్, gajjaragadda,గాజార గడ్డ, pachhamoollangi,పచ్చ ముల్లంగి  peethakanda, pita-kandaపీత కంద , shikhamoolamuశిఖ మూలము, 

Ferula assa-foetida L.,(Etymology: Ferula- staff (Pliny’s classical Latin name) (giant fennel); asa foetida  means tinking mastic)

  inguvaఇంగువ 

Note: Although Carum carvi, Cuminum, Ferula, Foeniculum , Trachy spermum are not cultivated in A.P they are widely used in the cusine, hence to introduce their names in Telugu they are incorporated here. 

PIMPINELLA (Etymology: a medieval name of uncertain meaning, first used by

Matthaeus Sylvaticus (cognates include pimpernel and, probably, piper and
prunella)

Pimpinella anisum L., sps name-Anise; gaddi sopu,గడ్డి సోంపు  kupi chettu, కుప్పి  kuppi sompu, కుప్పి సోంపు , pedda-jilakara, పెద్ద జిలకర  sompu, సోంపు  sopuసోపు 

 Pimpinella bracteata Haines,  (- having bracts); 

Pimpinella heyneana (Wall ex DC.) Kurz, ( In honour of Heyns);
Pimpinella tirupatiensis N.P.Balakr. & Subr.,(-from Tirupathi); konda kothimira కొండకొత్తిమిర 

Pimpinella tirupatensis

Pimpinella wallichiana (Miq.) Gandhi,(Etymology: sps name-Named for Dr. Nathaniel Wallich, early 19th century Danish plant hunter, botanist and physician)

 POLYZYGUS Dalzel(Etymology: having many paired flowers)

Polyzygus tuberosus Walp.,(having tubers) 

PEUCEDANUM L.,(Etymology: From the Greek peukedanon, meaning hogs-fennel or parsnips)

Peucedanum dhana Buch-Ham ex.Clarke, 

Peucedanum nagapurense (Clarke)Prain, Rare in E.Godavari and VSKP district

SESELI L. (Etymology: derived from the ancient Greek name) 

Seseli indicum Wall. ex Wight & Arn.,-(of or from India)/syn. Seseli diffusum (Roxb.ex Smith)Sant. & Wagh adavi vaamu అడవి వాము 

TRACHYSPERMUM Link-(Etymology: means rough seeded)

Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague, (Etymology: ammi- ancient Latin name of the plant;) omaan,ఓమం  vamuవాము, ajwain

                           DIPSACALES Berchtold & J. Presl

VIBURNACEAE Rafinesque, nom. cons. Syn. Adoxaceae E. Meyen

Viburnum L.(Etymology: From Latin; stands for wayfaring tree for Viburnum lanata )

Viburnum punctatum Buch-Ham. ex D.Don

Rare, from Vijayanagaram dist.

Continued.....

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