Tuesday, November 1, 2016

Part III -Eudicots - Ranunculales to Malpighiales

EUDICOTS
RANUNCULALES Berchtold & J. Presl  
Includes Papaveraceae, Menispermaceae and Ranunculaceae 
MENISPERMACEAE Jussieu, nom. cons.(Etymology: Moon-seed, (the compressed, curved stone of the fruit)
Vines or lianas in habit; leaves simple, alternate,petioles pulvinate at both ends, often lamina peltate and coriaceous with palmate venation. The plants are dioecious; inflorescence axillary; flowers small, parts whorled or spiral, the often 3-merous flowers are small, anthers with superposed thecae and the drupelets single seeded, often have a distinctively sculpted endocarp and can be strongly curved (hence the "moon-seed" family 
aporphine alkaloids, sesqui- and diterpenoids +, (plant tanniniferous); Pantropical.
ANAMIRTA Colebr. (Etymology: Probably from Tamil anai-amritavally meaning Elephant Tinospora(because this species is larger than the Tinospora) 
Anamirta cocculus (L.)Wight&Arn.,(small berry of scarlet fruits) kakumaanu కాకుమాను, kaakamaari కాకమారి    
CISSAMPELOS L.,(Etymology: Cisso-ivy)Ivy-vine, (the growth is like ivy and the inflorescence like a grape)
Cissampelos pareira L.,adavi banka teega, అడవి బంక తీగ,visaboddiవిషబొద్ది, chiruboodiచిరుబోడి , esaboddiఏస బొద్ది , paata, పాట, pata visha boddiపాట విష బొద్ది , pateru tivva, పటేరుతివ్వ , shedsugandiచెడు సుగంధి,     
COCCULUS DC.,(Etymology:Small-berry, diminutive of  (or from coccum, for the scarlet fruits)
Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob.,(plant parts hirsute or hairy)
 doosaratheege, దూసరతీగ, cheepurutheega, చీపురుతీగ,  katla tiga, కట్లతీగ, shipriశిప్రి    
CYCLEA Arnott ex Wight (Etymology:from Greek Cyclos =circles -refers to the seeds)
Cyclea peltata (Lam.)Hook.f.,(shield like/stalked from the under surface)paatathige, పాటతీగ  
PACHYGONE Miers.,(Etymology:From Greek Pachys means thick/stout; gonous meaning seed/node (refers to thick seeds and nodes)
Pachygone ovata (Poir.) Diels,(with ovate leaves) pedda dusara teega, పెద్ద దూసరతీగ 
PARABAENA Miers (Etymology:From Greek para=near, similsr to, beside and bae, baino-to walk refers to the climbing /spreading nature of the plant)
Parabaena sagittata Miers (arrow shaped)
STEPHANIA Lour.,(Etymology:for German Botanist Christian Friedrich Stephan 1757-1814, Physcian and Professor of Botany at University of Moscow.) 
Stephania japonica (Thunb.)Miers.,(from Japan) Rare in North coastal districts., duvvathigeదువ్వ తీగ, Agarusonti అగరుశొంటి  
TILIACORA Colebrroke,(Etymology:from a Bengali vernacular name)
Tiliacora acuminata Miers,(with acuminate leaves) kappa teegaకప్పతీగ, theega mushidi తీగ ముషిడి, adavi thamalapaaku,అడవితమలపాకు,naagamushini,నాగముషిణి, nalla thigeనల్ల తీగ , paataeru, పాటేరు  , thigemushini,తీగముషిణి, verri chithra moolamu వెర్రిచిత్రమూలం    
TINOSPORA Miers.,(Etymology:From the Greek teino, to stretch; spora, seed. having elongated seed.)
Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.)Miers,(with hear shaped leaves)tippa teega,తిప్పతీగ, jivantikaజీవంతిక,kora patta tige,కోర పట్ట తీగ,   amrta,అమృత  dooyuthige, దూయు తీగ , galoochi, గలూచి,   guduchi, గుడిచి,  iruloochi, ఇరులూచి  , kodupurutheega, కొడుపురుతీగ,  madhukaమధుక , manapaala, మనపాల , somida,సోమిద,  thellathippathige,తెల్లతిప్పతీగ,    tippa-tige-sattuతిప్పతీగ సత్తు ,
 Tinospora sinensis (Lour.)Merril,(from China) thippatheegaతిప్పతీగ, 
RANUNCULACEAE Jussieu, nom. cons. (Etymology: Little-frog, diminutive of rana, (the amphibious habit of many)
Herbs or woody lianas; leaves spiral, usually exstipulate, lobed leaves with broad bases. The flowers have large and often petal-like sepals, nectariferous "petals", spiral, usually numerous stamens, and separate carpels borne on a well-developed receptacle. Fruit a follicle. Mainly temperate.
CLEMATIS L.,(Etymology:the Greek name, for several climbing plants)
Clematis gouriana Roxb. ex DC.,(from Gouri Bengal) gowri kunthalaగౌరీకుంతల, pedutivva పేడుతీగ/తివ్వ, gurrapu teega గుర్రపు తీగ, ;
Clematis smilacifolia Wall.,( resembling the leaf of smilax)gurrapu teega గుర్రపు తీగ,       
NARAVELIA A.P.de Candolle nom. cons.,(Etymology:narawael is the Sinhalese vernacular name for Naravelia zeylanica and the Malayalam name of the plant nara walli refers to trailing habit of the plant.)
Naravelia zeylanica (L.)DC.,(from Ceylone) pulla bachalaపుల్లబచ్చల, karu pippala tivva,కారుపిప్పలతివ్వ,   mukku peenasa teega, ముక్కుపీనాసతీగ
THALICTRUM L.,(Etymology:From the Greek name of this plant)
Thalictrum foliolosum DC.,(leafleted) Rare in north coastal dist.,
Nigella sativa L., is known as Black caraway నల్ల జిలకర it is used as substitute to షాజిరా . ఇది మన రాష్ట్రంలో పండదు. కానీ ఆయుర్వేద మందులలో వాడతారు.
PAPAVERACEAE Jussieu, nom. cons(Etymology: the Latin name, papaver, papaveris, for poppies, including the opium poppy)
Herbs with copious latex; leaves soft, bristly-hairy; base broad. The flowers are 2-merous, buds enclosed by two, large, fugaceous sepals ; and the calyx and corolla are clearly distinguishable; petals crumpled, stamens numerous, the gynoecium has two (or more) carpels, parietal placentation, and usually a short style.
ARGEMONE L.,(Etymology:used by Dioscorides for a poppy-like plant used medicinally as a remedy for cataract)
Argemone mexicana L.,(from Mexico)
 balu rakkisa,బలురక్కిస, brahmadandi,బ్రహ్మదండి, kusumapala,కుసుమ పాల  pichy kusama chettuపిచ్చికుసుమ చెట్టు,  yerrikusuma ఎర్రి కుసుమ, peela dattura పీలదత్తూర,nela rakkisaనేలరక్కిస           
FUMARIA L., (Etymology:earth smoke-referred to the effect of thejuice on the eyes being the same as that of smoke)
Fumaria indica (Hassk.)Pugsley(from India) (A weed in Vijayanagaram dist.)
 PROTEALES Berchtold & J. Presl  
 NELUMBONACEAE A. Richard, nom. cons. 
Aquatic, rhizomatous herbs; with air canals; leaves  peltate, with dichotomous main venation that are held above the water surface like parasols,flowers large, have free carpels immersed in a large, obconical receptacle.
 visit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/140231536@N03/albums/72157666359363796
NELUMBO Adans,(Etymology: Latinized form of a Singhalese vernacular name, nelumbi, for water-bean) 
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.(nut bearing, refers to thallamus)
It is the National flower of India. The flowers are used for worship in temples; the tender petioles, rhizome, and seeds are eaten as vegetable in many cultures. The leaves are widely used as meals plates. 
Common name: Lotus, Sacred lotus, East Indian Lotus(Eng.); thaamara, తామర, errathaamaraయెర్ర తామర ,  kamalamu,కమలం padmamu,పద్మం  pundreekamu పుండరీకము , soungadhikamu సౌగంధికము , thella thaamara,తెల్ల తామర;
PROTEACEAE Jussieu, nom. cons.(Etymology: or Proteus (the sea god’s versatility in changing form)
Trees or shrubs; with proteoid roots, leaves compound, spiral (opposite), coriaceous, margins spiny toothed to entire, base of petiole often swollen, stipules 0; inflorescence various; flowers 4-merous; P = C-like, valvate, decussate-diagonal; G 1, orientation adaxial, stigma terminal or lateral, often slit-like, secretory; ovules long,  fruit a drupe or follicle, often with winged seeds
GREVILLEA R.Br. ex Knight(Etymology: named in honour of Charles Francis Greville. )
Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br. commonly known as Silver oak is cultivated as avenue plant in some parts of the state. parana, perane,పరణ  seema chiluku, సీమ చిలుకు
Grevillea pteridifolia Knight    

Grevillea robusta flowers
SABIACEAE Blume(Etymology: from its Bengali vernacular name, sabja-lat)
Woody; evergreen trees or shrubs, leaflet venation brochidodromous; flowers very small, perianthwhorls and stamens all opposite, style gynobasic; fruit a compressed, ridged drupe, surface of stone not smooth.
Meliosma Blume (Etymology:Honey perfumed (the fragrance of the flowers)
Meliosma pinnata (Roxb.)Maxim(with pinnate leaves)
 BUXALES Reveal
BUXACEAE Dumortier, nom. cons. (Etymology: an ancient Latin name, buxus, used by Virgil, for B. sempervirens,)
Evergreen herbs to small trees; monoecious; leaves opposite, exstipulate; flowers small with an inconspicuous perianth. The stamens are opposite the perianth members, and the styluli, stigmatic their entire length, are conspicuous. Fruit has no columella.
SARCOCOCCA  Lindley (Etymology:with fleshy berries)
Sarcococca saligna (D.Don) Muell.-Arg. in DC., (of saline habits)
Rare, in VSKP dist., 
DILLENIALES Berchtold & J. Presl 
DILLENIACEAE Salisbury
Leaves simple,coarse, strong and parallel secondary veins that proceed straight into the teeth; scalariform tertiary venation; flowers conspicuous, pedicels articulated, petals crumples; stamens many, reflexed in bud; fruits shiny follicles; seeds arillate.
DILLENIA L.(Etymology: for Johann Jacob Dillenius (1687–1747), Professor of Botany at Oxford
Dillenia bracteata Wight.,(with conspicuous bracts) Chiruteku.చిరుటేకు, kallateku, కల్లటేకు  
Dillenia indica L., peddakalinga,పెద్దకళింగ,revadi chettu,రేవడి చెట్టు,  chalta,చల్త , kalinga,కళింగ, uvva వువ్వ ; Elephant apple(Eng.)
Dillenia pentagyna Roxb.,(having 5 female organs / ovaries) chinna kalinga, చిన్నకళింగ, raevadi,రేవడి, parateku,పారాటేకు, parudu,పరుడు,   rath-eggi,రాథేగ్గి,   uvva kaya వువ్వకాయ
Dillenia tirupatiensis J.Swamy & Rasingam,Endemic to A.P. Chittoor dist. 
TETRACERA L.
Tetracera sarmentosa (L.) Vahl- found in Maredumilli of E.Godavari Dist.
Dillenia indica

 SAXIFRAGALES Berchtold & J. Presl
Branching from the previous flush [woody members];leaf margin serrate; anthers basifixed, with basal pit; carpels free, at least apically, styluli short, stigmas decurrent; fruit dry,seeds small compared with other angiosperms;
They have a very poor representation in the tropics.
CRASSULACEAE Jaume Saint-Hilaire, nom. cons.(Etymology: Succulent-little-plant, feminine diminutive of crassus)
Plants woody, succulents, flowers 4 merous; Calyx tubular, lobes 4, Corolla connate; stamens 4, with spherical connective prolongation; carpels 4, free and have nectariferous scales at their bases. The fruits are usually follicles. 
KALANCHOE Adans.,(Etymology:From a Chinese vernacular name)
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln.,
Kalanchoe cherukondensis Subbarao & Kumari,(from Cherukonda) (Endemic) 
Kalanchoe lacinata (L.)pers.,(fringed) sima-jamudu సీమ జెముడు, 
Kalanchoe lanceolata (Forrsk.)Pers.,(with lanceolate leaves) 
Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.)Pers.,(with pinnate leaves) ranapala,రణపాల, gallara paku, గల్లారపాకు kondel cheruకొండెల్చెరు  , seemajaamulu,సీమ జెముడు
HALORAGACEAE R. Brown, nom. cons.(Etymology:Seaside-berry, (the fruits of the coastal species)
Small herbs; usually monoecious. Leaves opposite or whorled, small, lamina margin serrate or deeply lobed. Flowers small, solitary or in dichasial cymes or in fascicles; 4-merous; K valvate, C deciduous; A 8, opposite sepals, anthers much longer than filaments; ovary inferior, ovule 1/carpel, styluli with swollen bases, stigmas capitate. Fruit nut-like, indehiscent, exocarp often ornamented. 
MYRIOPHYLLUM L.,((Etymology:numerous leaves(for the much divided foliage)
Myriophyllum indicum Willd., 
Ver.names: Water milfoil (Eng.); Pandi naachu పంది నాచు (Tel.).
VITACEAE Jussieu, nom. cons.
Often vines, nodes are often swollen; tendrils usually leaf-opposed; leaves palmately compound, or lobed or veined; leaf blades are very brittle when dry, with coarse teeth; stipules caduceus. Flowers small in leaf-opposed paniculate or umbellate cymes; petals valvate. The stamens are equal in number to and opposite the petals,  Gynoecium bicarpellate, 4-ovulate, stigmas sessile, berry often has ruminate seeds.   
AMPELOCISSUS Planch.,(Etymology:from the Greek ampelos (vine/grape) and Cissus (Latin name for ivy)
Ampelocissus divaricata (Wall. ex Lawson)Planch,(wide spreading/ divaricate)
Ampelocissus latifolia (Roxb.) Planch.,(leaves broad)   adavi teega drakshaఅడవి తీగ ద్రాక్ష,bedasathivva,బేడసతివ్వ, athukula bodduఅతుకుల బొద్దు,adavi draksha,అడవి ద్రాక్ష, doba-tiga,దోబతీగ,pani-bel,పాణిబెల్ pula-tigaపూలతీగ  
Ampelocissus tomentosa (B.Heyne & Roth) Planch.,(plant parts covered with tomentum/ thickly matted hairs) adavi draksha,అడవి ద్రాక్ష,athukula bodduఅతుకుల బొద్దు,gari gummadi,గారిగుమ్మడి , lolugatige, లోలుగతీగ  
CAYRATIA Juss. nom.cons,(Etymology:the vernacular name, cay-rat, in Annam for a vine)
Cayratia auriculata (Roxb.)Gamble,(lobed like an ear, refers to leaves)  pullagummadi పుల్ల గుమ్మడి,kaniyapu teega కనియపుతీగ, koorapallem కూర పళ్లెం;
Cayratia pedata (Lam.) Gagnep.,(with pedate leaves,palmate but with the lower lateral lobes divided,) edaakulamandulamaari,ఏడాకులమందుల మారి gummadithige, గుమ్మడి తీగ,  kaadepathigeకాడేప తీగ ,  kaanniyaapathige,కానియపుతీగ   nasa gummadi,నసగుమ్మడి,  pulimaadaపులిమాడ, thigegummadiతీగ గుమ్మడి    
Cayratia trifolia (L.)Domin,(with 3 lobed leaves) kanupu tigeకణుపు తీగ, kaadepathigeకాడేప తీగ,pulimaadaపులిమాడ, kaaniyaapathigeకానియపుతీగ , kamputhigeకంపుతీగ,, kurudinne కూరుదిన్నె, mandulamarithigeమందుల మారితీగ , mekamethani kadaమేకమెత్తనికాడ ,     
CISSUS L.,(Etymology:the ancient Greek name for ivy)
Cissus adnata Roxb.,(attached through the whole length) gudamathige, గుడమతీగ  kokkitayaaraalu కొక్కితయారాలు, 
Cissus arnottiana B.V.Shetty & Par.Singh
Cissus quadrangularis L.,(4-angled, refers to 4 angled stems) nalleruనల్లేరు,vajravalliవజ్రవల్లి, gudametige,గుడమతీగ ; 
Cissus repanda (Wight & Arn.) Vahl,(with slightly wavy margin-refers to leaf)
 gummadithige,గుమ్మడితీగ,  nelabodduనేలబొడ్డు, pasupu godani theganiపసుపుగోదానితీగ , 
Cissus repens Lam.,(creeping, refers to its habit)nelabodduనేలబొడ్డు, ladayi kotam లడాయి కోటం ;
Cissus vitiginea L.,(growing as a vine) adavi draksha,అడవి ద్రాక్ష, bankabaddu,బంక బద్దు  chinna mandula maari,చిన్న మందుల మారి  gummudu గుమ్ముడు,adavigummadi అడవిగుమ్మడి,meka mettaku  మేకమెత్తాకు , 
Cissus woodrowii (Stapf ex Cooke) Santapau,(in honour of G M Woodrow, Superintendent Botanical Garden, Poona)
( Syn. Cissus pallida (Wight&Arn.)Salisb.)budara theegaబూదరతీగ , nalla teega, నల్ల తీగ , pedda gummudu,  పెద్దగుమ్ముడు    
CYPHOSTEMMA  Alston,(Etymology: cypho- bent-, curved, stooping + stemma crowned, -wreathed, (botanically for a flower-head)Plants with bent floral inflorescence)
Cyphostemma setosum ( Roxb. ) Alston, (entire plant covered with bristles or stiff hairs) barre bachaliబర్రెబచ్చలి,podabachali పొదబచ్చల
LEEA L.,(Etymology: for James Lee (1715–95), Hammersmith nursery man)
Leea asiatica (L.)Rid.,(from Asian region) 
Leea indica (Burm.f.) Merr.,anka dora, అంకదొర , jalamukkuduజల ముక్కుడు , jata mukudi, జత ముక్కుడు  neetiveli నీటి వేలి 
Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem., (with large leaves)peddapayagillaakuపెద్ద పాయగిల్లాకు 
TETRASTIGMA J.E.Planch.,(Etymology: having 4-lobed stigmas)
Tetrastigma canarense (Dalz.)Gamble, 
Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.)Alston,(leuco-white, staphylos-bunch (as of grapes) kond draaksha కొండ ద్రాక్ష, 
Tetrastigma sulcatum (Lawson)Gamble,(grooved, refers to stem) (This genus is found in Visakhapatnam and E.Godavari districts only)thellagummadiతెల్ల గుమ్మడి 
VITIS L.,(Etymology:Latin word for grapevine)
Vitis vinifera L., (Wine-producing; because the fruits are used to produce wine)(It is cultivated  for the fruits). draaksha, ద్రాక్ష ,  gostini-panduగోస్తని పండు , kisumisu panduకిస్మిస్ పండు 
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE R. Brown, nom. Cons.
Herbs to trees growing in arid and saline conditions almost worldwide. Leaves compound usually stipulate and opposite that lack a terminal leaflet; the nodes are to be swollen. The flowers have all parts free apart from the carpels; there are usually ten stamens that often have scales at the base. Some aspects of floral morphology, e.g. obdiplostemony, gross stigma morphology, are reminiscent of Geraniales.
BALANITES Delile,(Etymology: Acorn-having,  (the Greek name,  describes the fruit of some species)
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, (from Egypt)gara-chettu,గార/గార చెట్టు, ingudi ఇంగుడి ,
FAGONIA L.,(Etymology:for Monsignor Fagon (1638–1718), physician to Louis XIV of France)
Zygophyllum indicum (Burm.f.) Christenh. & Byng
Syn. Fagonia cretica L., (from Crete, Cretan) cittigara చిట్టి గార 
TRIBULUS L.,(Etymology: three lobes (the shape of the fruit)
Tribulus subramanyamii P.Singh etal.,  
Tribulus terrestris L.,(growing on ground) palleru,పల్లేరు, chirupalleru,చిరు పల్లేరు  cinnapalleru,చిన్న పల్లేరు  nirunji,నీరుంజి , pallerumullu,పల్లేరు ముళ్ళు   sannaneggilugidaసన్ననెగ్గిలుగిడ 
                                          OXALIDALESHeintze
OXALIDACEAE R. Brown, nom. cons.
Trees to herbs (vines); leaves spiral, compound leaves with pulvinate leaflets; the leaflets are entire and often have sub-palmate venation; Flowers either cymose or has cymose branches, pedicels articulated; petals contorted, often clawed; anthers extrorse; nectaries often as glands, opposite to petals; G [(3-)5], stigmas spathulate/capitate; ovules (1-)2-many/carpel, the flowers are heterostylous; fruit a  ribbed/angled loculicidal capsule.   
BIOPHYTUM L.,(Etymology:Life-plant(Plant with sensitive leaves)
Biophytum longibracteatum Tadul. & K.C.Jacob- near Tamilnadu borders of Nellore dist.
Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC.(sensitive to stimulus) jala puspaజలపుష్ప, attapatti, అత్తపత్తి chumi,చుమి  , 
Biophytum reinwardtii (Zucc.)Klotzsch,( for Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt (1773–1854), Director of Leiden Botanic Garden)
Biophytum nervifolium Thw.,(leaves prominently nerved)
OXALIIS L.,(Etymology:Acid-salt(Refers to the taste of leaves)
Oxalis corniculata L.,(having small horn/spur like appendages,- on fruit)
 pulichintaakuపులిచింతాకు,pullachanchali,పులిచెంచలి,amboti kura, అంబొటికూర, puli chintaపులిచింత, chinchalam  చించలం
Oxalis latifolia H.B.K.Nov.,(with broad leaves)

Averrhoa carambola L., star fruit; అంబాణపుకాయ, కారమంగ, తామరతము   
ELAEOCARPACEAE L.,
Woody plants (Shrubs to trees). Leaves that tend to turn red or orange red, sometimes yellow, as they die; the blades are often serrate and the petiole can be swollen at one or both ends. The flowers are moderate-sized, pendulouson racemose inflorescences. Both calyx and corolla are often valvate; the petals, when present, are often fringed, there is often a very prominent disc that is usually outside the stamens, the basifixed anthers often have rather short filaments and dehisce by pores or short slits (these may elongate), and the fruit is often a smooth to spiny woody capsule with arillate and/or hairy seeds.
ELAEOCARPUS L.,(Etymology: Elaeo-olive-carpus fruited(fruit form and shape)
Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb.,(leaves lance shaped)
Elaeocarpus lucidus,(bright, shining,- leaf blade shiny)  Rudrakshaరుద్రాక్ష 
Elaeocarpus  tectorius (Lour.)Poir.,(of a plasterer; of rooftops, growing on rooftops, of
the tiles (Rare in VSKP),Elaeocarpus sphaericus (GAERTN.) K.SCHUM.,(globose, fruit globose) rudraksha రుద్రాక్ష (It is found in Eastern Himalayas) but the seeds are well known and used in A.P. Hence to introduce it is added 
SLOANEA L.(Etymology: Named for Sir Hans Sloane (1660-1773)Physician and naturalist, one of the founders of British Museum traveller and plant collector in West Indies)
Sloanea sterculiacea (Benth.) Rehder & E.H. Wilson(resemble fruit of Sterculia)
Elaeocarpus sphaericusరుద్రాక్షపూలు
CELASTRACEAE R. Brown, nom. cons.
Shrubs and trees or lianes ;leaves opposite, serrate are common, the stipule-like structures are small and quite often fringed; flowers in cymes, very broad disc in which the ovary is more or less immersed and five or fewer stamens, are often distinctive; stamens as many as sepals and opposite to sepals, (staminodes ± fringed); fruit a loculicidal capsule with winged or arillate seeds. hexitol dulcitol, flavonols +, ellagic acid 0;
CASSINE L.,(Etymology: from a N American vernacular name for hottentot cherry )
Elaeodendron glaucum(Rottb.) Pers 
Syn. Cassine glauca (Rottb.) Kuntze,(bluish-green, )  nirichi నిరిచి,  bhoothaankusamu, భూతాంకుశము,neradi, నేరడి, beera,బీర, kanniru,కన్నీరు,   nerinja,నెఱింజ, niraja maanuనిరజమాను, neraddi నీరడ్డి  noorijia, noridiనోరిడి,yerrajirri యెర్రజిర్రి  
Elaeodendron paniculatum Wight & Arn.
CELASTRUS L.(Etymology: Theophrastus’ name for an evergreen tree, retaining fruit over winter (possibly an Ilex)
Celastrus paniculatus Willd.,(inflorescence a panicle) malaeria teega మలేరియాతీగ, baavanji,బావంజి,  eru kota ఎరుకోట, eriki ఎరికి, maayalenkatha మాయలెంకత, mayalaerikata, మాయలెరికత, pallem thivva పల్లెంతివ్వ , gandumida గండుమీద,    jyothishmathi,జ్యోతిష్మతి,  maayaleruthige,మాయలోరి తీగ, malaerikata,మాలేరికత   malkanguni,మల్కాన్గి   manerutheega, మానేరుతీగ, odur, ఒదురు, pallerutivva,పల్లేరు తివ్వ  theega paaleru,తీగపల్లేరు,uppirinta ఉప్పిరింత               
EUONYMUS L.(Etymology: Famed, of-good-name Theophrastus’ name(spindle trees)
Euonymus glaber Roxb.,(smooth)
Euonymus indicus HEYNE EX. ROXB., nallakaakidiనల్లకాకిడి 
GYMNOSPORIA L.,(Etymology: Gymno-naked, spore- seed-refers to naked seed, aril not enclosing the seeds)
Gymnosporia acuminata Hook.f.ex M. Lawson
Syn.Maytenus hookeri Loes., (for either Sir William Jackson Hooker (1785–1865) or his son Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911), both directors of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)
Gymnosporia bailadillana Narayan. & Mooney- Rare in Vishakhapatnam dist.
Gymnosporia emarginata (Willd.)Thw., 
Syn.Maytenus emarginata (Ruiz & Pav.) Loes.,(leaf apex emarginate) danthi,దంతి,goddali-chippa, గొడ్డలి చిప్ప, chinni tuppa,చిన్నితుప్ప, danthausi దంతఔసి,  gajasinni గజశిన్ని,  peddachintu,పెద్ద చింటు peddadanthi, పెద్దదంతి,
Gymnosporia heyneana (Roth) M.A.Lawson
Syn. Maytenus heyneana (Roth)Raju&Babu,(for Dr Benjamin Heyne (1770–1819), German botanist, missionary and collector near Travancore, Kerala, SW India)Rare
Gymnosporia montana (Roth) Benth.,(pertaining to mountains) danthi, దంతి, chinni, చిన్ని   gajachinni, geccangi, gechchangi, గెచ్చెంగి, peddachinta పెద్ద చింతు/చింటు, peddadanteపెద్దదంతి, thanisiతనిసి 
Gymnosporia rufa (Wall.)Hook.f., 
Syn.Maytenus rufa (Wall.)Hara,(rusty-red)
Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes., 
LOESENERIELLA A.C.Smith.,(Etymology:for Dr L. E. T. Loesene (1865–1941), German botanist)
Loeseneriella obtusifolia (Roxb.) A.C.Sm.,(leaf obtuse) mediteegaమేడితీగ  
 



PLEUROSTYLIA Wight&Arn., (Etymology:pleuro-ribbed/ side+stylia- style ribbed)
Pleurostylia opposita (Wall.) Alston,(brances, leaves arranged opposite)kuntichinta, కుంటిచింత, piyariపియారి  
REISSANTIA N.Halle (Etymology:for snake like branches)
Reissantia indica (Willd.) Halle, verriyaapaవెర్రియాప  
SALACIA L.(Etymology:named for The wife of Neptune and Roman goddess of the sea; from Latin Salum =sea-refers to its habitat)
Salacia chinensis L.(from China) neraaniనేరాణి, 
Salacia oblonga Wall ex Wight&Arn.,

SIPHONODON Griff.

Siphonodon celastrineus Griff.,Maredumilli of A.P 
 MALPIGHIALESMartius
Includes-Erythroxylaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Ochnaceae, Clusiaceae, Calophyllaceae, Violaceae, Hypercaceae,Putranjivaceae, Malpighiaceae, Elatinaceae,Passifloraceae, Salicaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Phyllanthaceae and Linaceae  
for images and description please visit
 https://www.flickr.com/photos/140231536@N03/albums/72157666387824475
ERYTHROXYLACEAE Kunth, nom. cons
Deciduous shrubs to trees; leaves 2 ranked, entire, there are often longitudinal markings on the leaves, stipules interpetiolar; flowers small, in fascicles; K connate basally, C protective in bud, with fringed bilobed ligule; both calyx and filaments persist at the base of the fruit, stamens obdiplostemonous, latrorse, filaments are often of two different lengths and are basally connate; G 3, style branches well developed, stigma capitate; ovule 1/carpel, the fruit is a drupe or capsule.
ERYTHROXYLUM P.Brown, (Etymology: Erythro-red, xylum; plant with red wood)
Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb.,(mono-single, gynum-carpel) devadaruదేవదారు,adavi goranta అడవిగోరంట, gaadaraగాదర, gathiri గతిరి  pagadapuchettu,పగడపుచెట్టు  paribhadrakamu,పరి భద్రకమ parihhavyamపరిభావ్యము, poghadaపొగడ  
RHIZOPHORACEAE Persoon, nom. cons. 
Shrubs to trees; leaves opposite, often serrate leaves with large interpetiolar stipules. The flowers are quite often other than 5-merous, the calyx is thick and valvate, the petals are small, often hairy, variously lobed, fringed each enclosing one or small groups of stamens, and the ovary is often more or less inferior. Gynotrocheae and Rhizophoreae have aerial prop roots. 
BRUGUIERA Lam.,(Etymology: commemorates Jean Guillaume Bruguiere(s) (1750-1798), botanical artist and plant collector.)
Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume,(refers to cylindric propogule); vuradaఉరడ, 
Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam.,(comes from two Greek words meaning naked roots, and refers to the knee-roots that project above the mud of the swamp).
dudduponna,దుడ్డుపొన్న,ponna,పొన్న thuddaponna, తుడ్డుపొన్న 
CARALLIA Roxb.,(Etymology:Derived from the Telugu vernacular name -karalli/carallia)
Carallia brachiata (Lour.)Merr.,(branched at about right angles) gijuru chettu, గిజురు చెట్టు kaaralli,కారల్లి  kaaravalli, kaarvalli,కారవల్లి  karali కారళి, neeti pansa(నీటి పనస )  
Carallia lucida Roxb.,(shining, refers to leaves)karalli,కారల్లి  karavalliకారవల్లి  
CERIOPS Arn.,(Etymology: Derived from Greek keras (horn) and opsis (look like) refers to upright fruits.)
Ceriops decandra (Griff.) W.Theob.,(refers to 10 stamens in flowers.) gedera,గెదర,  ponnaపొన్న 
KANDELIA (DC.)Wight &Arn.,(Etymology:from Malabar name of the plant, kantal )
Kandelia candel (L.)Druce, (taper like a candle) kandigala,కందిగల  thuvar-kandan, thuvarkandanతువరకందన్  
RHIZOPHORA L.,(Etymology: Derived from the Greek words (rhiza), meaning "root," and (phoros), meaning "bearing," referring to the stilt-roots)
Rhizophora apiculata Blume, (with a small broad point at the tip)
kaaki ponna, కాకి పొన్న,  ponna,పొన్న uppu ponnaఉప్పుపొన్న 
Rhizophora mucronata Lam.,(with a hard sharp-pointed tip)
 uppu ponnaఉప్పుపొన్న , adavi ponna, అడవి పొన్న, kandla,కండ్ల,manciponna,మంచి పొన్న, ponna,పొన్న  
OCHNACEAE Candolle, nom. cons.
Evergreen trees. Leaves alternate, often coriaceous, with rather sharply serrate margins, more or less brochidodromous venation - the secondary veins can be very closely parallel, stipules with dense and prominent venation. Flowers regular, pedicels articulated; calyx is also distinctive, persistent and accrescent in fruit. Stamens more than 12, open by pores, stamen development centrifugal ; G (5)style is gynobasic. Fruit berry.    
OCHNA L.,(Etymology: an ancient Greek name,  used by Homer for a wild pear)
Ochna gamblei King ex Brandis;(In honor of James Sykes Gamble (1846–1925) English-born Indian forester and botanist),kukkamoi,కుక్కమోయ్, palagurivi పాలగురివి,erra voddi  ఎర్రవొద్ది  
 Ochna obtusata DC.,(having blunt edges, refers to calyx) eerrajammi,ఎర్ర జమ్మి  eerrajuvvi,ఎర్ర జువ్వి  jammi, kukkamogi,కుక్కమోగి  kukkamovi,కుక్కమోవి  paalagurivi,పాలగురివి sunari, sunooruసుందరి , thammichettuతమ్మి చెట్టు 
CLUSIACEAE Lindley, nom. cons.Etymology: for Charles de l’Écluse (Carolus Clusius) (1526–1609), Flemish renaissance botanist, author of Rariorum plantarum historia)
Shrubs or trees. The leaves are opposite and exstipulate, the blades are often thick, with entire margins, and usually have resin canals. A white or yellow exudate is very common. The flowers have free sepals and petals and numerous stamens that are sometimes in fascicles. The fruit, when dehiscent, opens along the septal radius.Seeds arillate.
GARCINIA L.,(Etymology:for Dr Laurent Garcin (1683–1751), a French naturalist with the East India company, travelled in the orient)
Garcinia spicata Hook.f.,(- flowers in spikes)-pidataపిడత 
Garcinia xanthochymus Hook.f. ex T.And.,(xantho-yellow, chymus-exudate or sap)  chikatimranuచీకటి మ్రాను,  naramamidi నర మామిడి, ivuru mamidi ఇవురు మామిడి ishvaramamidi,ఈశ్వరమామిడి,  thamaalamuతమాలము, lollorimanu లొల్లోరి మాను 
CALOPHYLLACEAE J. Agardh , 
Trees or shrubs; leaves spiral, two-ranked, exstipulate, margins entire and pellucid dots or canals; there is often some exudate from the cut twig. paired "stipular glands" on the stem present; flowers 4-5-merous, sepals and petals free; stamens not obviously fasciculate, many, anthers often with apical complex or simple glands; G  [2-5], (placentation apical, basal), style  usually long, stigmas much expanded to punctate, not papillate, ovules 1-few/carpel; fruit a berry or drupe; when dehiscent, opens along the septal radius;  seeds 1-many, cotyledons moderate sized to huge. Tropical.  
CALOPHYLLUM L.,(Etymology:Derived from Greek Cala-beautiful, phyllum leaf; with beautiful leaves)
Calophyllum inophyllum L., (ino-fibrous-leaved, with fine thread-like veins,) 
ponnachettu,పొన్నచెట్టు,punnagamuపున్నాగము, naameru,నామేరు , 
MESUA L. (Etymology: named after Persian physician and medical author, John Mesue (Yuḥannā ibn Masawiah, 786-857 A.D.), who translated Greek medical writings into Arabic, upon the order of Caliph Harun al-Rashid who wanted to propagate ancient Greek medicine in the Islamic world.) 
Mesua ferrea L.,(ferrea' derived from Latin term for iron, a reference to the tree's very heavy hardwood, )cheekatimaanu చీకటి మాను , gaja pushpamu గజపుష్పము ,kesaramu కేసరము, kinjalkamuకింజల్కము, naagachampakamu నాగచంపకము,suvarnamu సువర్ణము, naagakesara నాగకేసర     
PUTRANJIVACEAE Endlicher
Trees or shrubs; leaves spiral, two-ranked, exstipulate, margins entire and pellucid dots or canals; there is often some exudate from the cut twig. paired "stipular glands" on the stem present; flowers 4-5-merous, sepals and petals free; stamens not obviously fasciculate, many, anthers often with apical complex or simple glands; G  [2-5], (placentation apical, basal), style  usually long, stigmas much expanded to punctate, not papillate, ovules 1-few/carpel; fruit a berry or drupe; when dehiscent, opens along the septal radius;  seeds 1-many, cotyledons moderate sized to huge. Tropical.
DRYPETES Vahl,(Etymology: Stone-fruits (the hard seeds),Spiny)
Drypetes assamica (Hook.f.) Pax & K.Hoffm., E.Godavari 
Drypetes sepiaria (Wight & Arn.) Pax & K.Hoffm.,(growing in hedges) beera బీర 
PUTRANJIVA Wall.,(Etymology: From the Sanskrit name putra "son" and juvi "prosperity, life".)
Putranjiva roxburghii Wall.,(For Dr William Roxburgh (1751-1815), director of Calcutta Botanic Garden.) kudurujuvvi, కుదురుజువ్వి,  mahaaputhrajeevi,మహాపుత్ర జీవి, puthrajeevikaపుత్ర జీవిక 
ELATINACEAE Dumortier, nom. cons.
Herbs to subshrubs of moist/wet habitats; leaves opposite, stipules scarious; flowers 5-merous; sepals free to connate, usually with an apical "gland", corolla  contorted; stamens equal and opposite sepals, or twice to the number of sepals; G [2-5], opposite sepals, stigma papillate; ovules many/carpel. Fruit a capsule flavonols, ellagic acid +; plant resinous.
ELATINE L.(Etymology: little conifer, used by Dioscorides )
Elatine ambigua Wt. (of ambiguous relation) 
BERGIA L.,(Etymology: in honour of Peter Jonas Bergius, an 18th century botanist.
Bergia ammannioides Roth,(resembling Ammania)
 Bergia capensis L.,neeru paavila నీరు పావిల(from Capr town of S.Africa)
HYPERICACEAEJussieu, nom. cons.
Herbs or shrubs. Their leaves are opposite and with pellucid or dark dots; the flowers are often yellow; the androecium is often fasciculate and/or the stamens are numerous; the stigma is sometimes obviously papillate; and the seeds are small, being usually less than 4 mm long.
HYPERICUM L.,(Etymology:Above-pictures-For its use over shrines to repel evil-spirits.)
Hypericum japonicum Thunb. ex Murray,(from Japan) (Rare in Araku valley and Chittoor dist.,)
MALPIGHIACEAE Jussieu, nom. cons.(Etymology: for Marcello Malpighi (1628–94), Italian professor at Pisa)
Lianes to trees; Leaves opposite, entire, stipules cauline, intrapetiolar, paired. inflorescence various; flowers monosymmetric (polysymmetric); K with large paired abaxial oil glands; C clawed, often crumpled in bud, often fringed. an adaxially-positioned petal often being a banner petal;  Stamens 10, obdiplostemonous, often basally connate; carpels 3, each with 1 ovule inferior, styles +, (style single), stigma dry; ovule 1/carpel, apical, pendulous. K and A often persistent in fruit, fruit samara with variable number of wings; fruit separating into mericarps, or indehiscent.  
ASPIDOPTERYS A.Juss.,(Etymology:Small shield like (refers to fruit shape)
Aspidopterys cordata (B.Heyne ex Wall.) A.Juss., 
Aspidopterys indica (Willd.) W.Theob.,Bariki,bandi kota teega బందికోటతీగ, బరికి  erikata,ఎరికత  chuttakula teegaచుట్టాకుల తీగ , 
GALPHIMIA Cav.,(Etymology:anagram of Malpighia)
Galphimia gracilis Bartl.,(graceful)
HIPTAGE Gaertn.,(Etymology:Flying one(fruit is winged)
Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz,(from Bengal) 
 madhavilata,మాధవీలత, madhavitege మాధవీతీగ, adavi puttangi,అడవిపుట్టంగి,  athimutamu, అతిముటము, bandi guriginja,బండి గురిగింజ,  kuruvendaకురు వెండ ,  peddadaraపెద్ద దార , potuvadlaపోతువడ్ల ,poola gurivinda పూల గురువింద   suragaatha, సురగాత ,  vadlayerala,వడ్ల యేరాల,vedala వెడల, paavurai kaaya పావురాయికాయ 
VIOLACEAE Batsch, nom. cons.(Etymology: the Latin name, viola, violae, applied to several fragrant plants (the equivalent of the Greek name, ion)
 Herbs to trees or lianes; leaves spiral or two-ranked, margin serrate, stipules dry yellowish and with raised venation; pedicels articulated; flowers often spurred, weakly monosymmetric; sepals quincuncial; stamens with short filaments and very well-developed connectives that closely surround the gynoecium; K persistent in fruit; and the fruit is often a distinctive loculicidal capsule, seeds large, dispersed explosively as the fruit wall closes round them and squeezes them out.  
HYBANTHUS N.J.Aacquin nom cons.,(Etymology: hybo-arched, anthes-flower  Curved flower )
Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell.,(ennea-nine, sperma- seeded) ratna purusha,రత్న పురుష, nelakobbari, నేలకొబ్బరి  purusharathnam పురుష రత్నం , sooriyakaanthiసూర్యకాంతి   
Hybanthus vatsavayae C.S.Reddy(Endemic)(in honour of V.S.Raju of India
PASSIFLORACEAE Roussel, nom. cons.
Plants variable in habit; emit unpleasant smell; leaves spiral with glands; often hairy. Flowers regular, petals and sepals together forming a tube, corona or scales towards mouth of tube (0);androgynophore is often present, styluli +; seeds arillate. Cyclopentenoid cyanogenic glycosides and/or cyclopentenyl fatty acids +, cyanogenic glycosides derived from valine and isoleucine +.
ADENIA Forssk.,(Etymology: From Aden)
Adenia wightiana (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Engl.,(in honour of Robert Wight) 
modikha మోదిఖ, vidaari విదారి   
PASSIFLORA L.,(Etymology: Passion-flower, (patior, pati, passus)-florum (the signature of the numbers of parts in the flower related to the events of the Passion)
Passiflora edulis L.,(edible, refers to fruit) paayasam kaaya పాయసం కాయ,
Passiflora foetida L.,(having bad/stinking smell)adavi motala,అడవి మోతల,  gujju tige,గుజ్జు తీగ,  thellajumikiతెల్ల జుమికి, gabbu teega గబ్బుతీగ, 
Passiflora vitifolia Kunth,(leaves resemble that of grape vine)
TURNERA L.,(Etymology: Named for William Turner, 16th century 'Father of English Botany' (published the first original botanical work in English)
Turnera subulata Sm.,(awl-shaped, refers to bracts)
Turnera ulmifolia L.,(resemble elm-leaves)
PODOSTEMACEAE Kunth, nom. cons.(Etymology:Foot-stamened, podo-stemon (the much reduced ‘flower’ arises from a thallose stem on rocks in fast-running water)
Annual aquatic angiosperms of fast-flowing water; with a vegetative body so highly modified that conventional terms cannot be used to describe it. Plant attached to substrate by haptera, roots photosynthetic, adventitious roots producing shoots; shoots endogenous. The flowers, or groups of flowers, are often enveloped in a spathella; monosymmetric; P +, uniseriate; A 1-many, filaments connate basally. The capsule is septicidal, and the small seeds are often mucilaginous.
INDOTRISTICHA (Etymology: prefix to indicate an Indian characteristic genus resembling one limited to another geographical area+three ranked(related to branches)
Indotristicha ramosissima (Wight) P. Royen(greatly branched) 
SALICACEAE Mirbel, nom. cons
Shrubs to trees; leaves alternate or two-ranked, stipulate, margin serrate vernation -curved or involute; with "salicoid teeth"-a small vein proceeding into the tooth. Inflorescence various; flowers 3-6-merous; sepals 3-8, often valvate;  the nectariferous disc or nectar glands are often outside the stamens and lobed. Stamens many, extrorse, spreading. G [2-5], (placentation axile), styles separate or fused; fruit a berry or drupe.
CASEARIA Jacq. (Etymology: for Johannes Casearius a Dutch clergyman of 1642-1678 a co author of the Latin version of Rheed's Hortus Indicus malabaricus)
Casearia zeylanica (Gaertn.) Thwaites
Syn.Casearia esculenta Roxb.,(fit to be eaten, edible) konda jungara,కొండ జంగేరు   kondapragara,కొండ ప్రగర  kundajungura కుండ జంగేరు (Tel.);
Casearia tomentosa Roxb., (plant parts coved with matted hairs)
Casearia graveolens Dalz.(strong smelling, heavily scented)
FLACOURTIA Comm. ex L’Her.,(Etymology:for Etienne de Flacourt (1607–61), French E India Company Governor(for Governor's plum)
Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr.,(from India) nakkaneraedu,నక్క నేరేడు,kaanaraegu,కాన్రేగు, bontakandraegu,బొంతకాన్రేగు   nakkaraeguనక్కరేగు  ,  nelli,నెల్లి, peddakanaraegu,పెద్దకాన్రేగు, pulivelaga,పులివెలగ,  pullerika,పుల్లెరిక  puli regu,పులిరేగు  putikatada, పూతికతడ ,
 Flacourtia jangomas(Lour.)Raeuch.,(probably from a vernacular name Jan-gama) kuski, కుస్కి  mullumanu,ముళ్ళమాను, talishapatri,తలిశపత్రి, ekuragayi ఏకురుగాయి,
 Flacourtia montana L.,(pertaining to mountains)
ikantakaవికంటక bontakandregu, బొంతకాన్రేగు, kanreguకాన్రేగు, nakkaneredu,నక్క నేరేడు nelli,నెల్లి  peddakanareguపెద్దకాన్రేగు,  putikatadaపూతిక తడ
HOMALIUM Jacq.,(Etymology:Equal, (the petals are equal in number to the sepals)
Homalium ceylanicum (Gardner) Benth., mantraala mukki మంత్రాలముక్కి ,
Homalium napaulense (DC.) Benth., (from Nepal)
SALIX L.(Etymology: the Latin name for willows, cognate with sallow)
Salix tetrasperma Roxb. (with 4 seeds)
 SCOLOPIA Schreb,(Etymology: Greek skolopes, thorn, probably referring to the thorns in some species;)
Scolopia crenata (Wight & Arn.) Clos,(margin with notched teeth)
rakshasimanu రాక్షసిమాను, purusha kaesari,పురుష కేసరి  (Seshachalam hills)
XYLOSMA Forst. (Etymology: Fragrant wooded)
Xylosma longifolium Clos.,(with elongate leaves)
 kondanerasi, కొండనెరసి, nerasi నెరసి, paddayi పడ్డయి  
EUPHORBIACEAE Jussieu, nom. cons.
Trees or shrubs or herbs, often with milky latex;  leaves variable in size, shape etc. secondary veins are often ± palmate, the margins are toothed, and there are sometimes glands of various kinds, petioles often apically pulvinate. The plants are mono- or dioecious, inflorescence variable, the flowers are small, the perianth usually inconspicuous, staminate flowers: A introrse; carpellate flowers: three carpels with prominent stigmas, and the fruits have a distinctive and persistent columella, large and often carunculate seeds (one per loculus), and explosive dehiscence. Euphorbiaceae are quite often poisonous. cucurbitacins [triterpenes], (polyacetylenes), ellagitannins [geraniin and mallotussic acid], lectins [hemagglutinins], cocarcinogens [phorbol ester diterpenes] are present.   
ACALYPHA L.,(Etymology:Unpleasant-to-touch-from the Greek name for nettle)
Acalypha alnifolia Poir.,( having Alnus like leaves)chiru kuppinta,  చిరు కుప్పింట,mirapa kuppinta మిరపకుప్పింట,
Acalypha ciliata Forssk.,(hairs extending from margin) nugu kuppinta నూగుకుప్పింట, tella muripinda తెల్ల మురిపిండ;
Acalypha  fruticosa Forssk.,(of shrub like habit)chinnaaku, చిన్నాకు chinni,చిన్ని   mabbaku,మబ్బాకు,
Acalypha indica L.,kupintaku,కుప్పింటాకు,muripindaమురిపిండ,pippintaపిప్పింట,  murkondachettu,మురుకొండ చెట్టు,kuppi-chettu కుప్పి చెట్టు, harithamanjari, హరిత మంజరి,  ;
Acalypha lanceolata Willd.,(leaves lance shaped)
Acalypha malabarica Müll.Arg., (from Malabar)
Acalypha paniculata Miq.,(inflorescence a panicle) adavi kuppinta అడవి కుప్పింట ,
Acalypha hispida BURM.F.,(with bristly hairs) moorukonda మురుకొండ;
Acalypha wilkesiana Müll.Arg., (for Lieutenant Charles Wilkes (1798–1877), American explorer of Pacific islands and NW American coasts)
ALCHORNEA Sw.,(Etymology: Named for Stanesby Alchorne, 18th century British plant collector)
Alchornea mollis Muell-Arg.,(softly-hairy)
BALIOSPERMUM Blume,(Etymology: from the Greek balio (spotted) and sperma (seed)
Baliospermum solanifolium (Burm.) Suresh,(having potato-like leaves) erradundiga,ఎర్ర డుంఢిగ, kanakapaata,  కనకపాట kondamudamu,కొండాముదము, adaviaamudam అడవి ఆముదం,  nelajidiనేల జీడీ
CLEIDION 
Cleidion javanicum Blume- Rare, in Paderu
CHROZOPHORA Jussieu nom.cons.,(Etymology: Chroso-coloured, phorus- bearing stain bearing)
Chrozophora plicata (Vahl) A.Juss. ex Spreng. 
Syn.Chrozophora  prostrata Dalz., (with prostrate stems) guruguchettu,గురుగు చెట్టు ,  lingamiriyam లింగమిరియం, 
Chrozophora rottleri (Geiseler) A.Juss. ex Spreng.,(for Johan Peter Rottler (J749 – 1836) French missionary and Botanist.)erra miriyam,యెర్ర మిరియం  linga mirapaలింగ మిరప 
CROTON L.,(Etymology: Tick(the seeds of some look like ticks)
Croton bonplandianus Baill.,(for Aimé J. A. Bonpland (1773–1858), authority on the flora of Tropical America)galivana chettu, గాలివాన చెట్టు, kirasanaail chettu కిరసనాయిలు చెట్టు, bhoothalabhairi,భూతాల భైరి  bhoothankusamu,భూతంకుశం   konda mirapa tuppa,కొండ మిరప తుప్ప  kukka mirapa, కుక్క మిరప pichhi mirapa పిచ్చి మిరప, 
Croton aromaticus L., 
Syn.Croton laccifer L., (that yields lac/ lac bearing)
Croton hirtus L'Hér., 
Croton klotzschianus Thwaites, (for Johann Friedrich Klotzsch (1805–60) a German Botanist)
Croton persimilis Müll.Arg.,(very like, refers to pleasant odour of leaves liked by people)bhoothankusamu,భూతంకుశం ,
Croton scabiosus Bedd., (plant parts resembling scabies / having scabious eruptions)chilla,  చిల్ల verrichilla, వెర్రి చిల్ల ,  Croton oblongifolius ROXB., bhootankusam, భూతంకుశం, bhutalabhairi,భూతాల భైరి   
Croton tiglium L.,(the apothecaries’ name, grana tiglia, for the purgative croton oil
(tigline) from Croton tiglium) kaypalum కాయపలం , naepaalamuనేపాళము, naepaalavemu నేపాల వేము ,  nepala-vittulu,నేపాళ విత్తులు  simanepalamసీమ నేపాళము 
DALECHAMPIA L.,(Etymology: for James Dalechamp (Jacques d’Alechamps) (1513–88),
French physician and botanist, author of Historia generalis plantarum 1587)
Dalechampia indica Wight, (from India) duhsparsa,దుష్పర్శ  
DIMORPHOCALYX Thw.,(Etymology: with two forms/shapes of calyx, calyx is different in male and female flowers)
Dimorphocalyx glabellus Thw.,(somewhat smooth like glaber)
Dimorphocalyx kurnoolensis Venkatraju &Pullaiah,(from Kurnool district) (Rare in Erramalai Hills in Kurnool dist.,)
EPIPRINUS Griff.,(Etymology: epi-on+prinus ancient or before?)
Epiprinus mallotiformis (Müll.Arg.)Croizat(looks like Mallotus in form)
EUPHORBIA L.,(Etymology: for Euphorbus, physician to the King of Mauritania, who used the latex of a spurge for medicinal purposes)
Euphorbia acaulis Roxb.,(almost stemless) barresepu gadda బర్రెసేపుగడ్డ;
 Euphorbia  agowensis Hochst. Ex Boiss.,
 Euphorbia antiquorum L.,(from old-world plants)bonta-jemuduబొంత జెముడు,  bhumijemudu,భూమిజెముడు  bomma jemudu, బొమ్మజెముడు bondakalli బొంతకల్లి , mudu-mula-jemuduమూడుమూలలజెముడు, pedda jemudu,పెద్ద జెముడు,  
Euphorbia caducifolia Haines, (having tail like or thread like leaves) katte jemudu కట్టెజెముడు  
Euphorbia cattimandoo Elliot, (From Telugu local name katti (knife) and jemando (medicine) for the latex is used to heal wounds made of swords) 
Euphorbia  chamaesyce L.,(From the Greek chamai (on the ground) and skyon (fig)-dwarf fig tree) paala alumuపాల అలుము , 
Euphorbia clarkeana Hook.f., (for Charles Baron Clarke (1832–1906), British student of Indian plants)
Euphorbia corrigioloides Boiss.(having slender stems) యెర్ర అలుము ,  
Euphorbia cyathophora Murray, (cup shaped, the recepticle cup shaped)
Euphorbia deccanensis V.S.Raju,(from Deccan region of India) 
Euphorbia deccanensis var. nallamalayana (J.L.Ellis) V.S.Raju, 
Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam.,(resembling Dracunculus)tillakaada, tillakada తిల్ల కాడ 
Euphorbia elegans Spreng.,(graceful) 
Euphorbia grantii Oliv., (for James Augustus Grant (1827–92), Scottish explorer of the Nile) 
Euphorbia heterophylla L.,(leaves in different shapes/forms) bedi aaku బేదిఆకు, 
Euphorbia hirta L., (hairy)bidarie,బిదరీ  naanabaala,నానబాల, nanabalu, నానబాలు nanabiyan,నానాబీయం, pachha bottu,పచ్చ బొట్టు  pachhaku,పచ్చాకు  reddivaari nanubalu, రెడ్డివారినానుబాలు, 
Euphorbia heyneana Spreng.,(for Dr Benjamin Heyne (1770–1819), German botanist,
missionary and collector near Travancore, Kerala, SW India)
Euphorbia hyssopifolia L.,(with Hyssop-like leaves )
 Euphorbia indica Lam.,
 Euphorbia lacei Craib,(having lots of milky latex)bonta-jemuduబొంత జెముడు  
Euphorbia lacinata Panigrahi, (finely cut at the margin)
Euphorbia lactea forma cristata Haw., (lactea-milky)
Euphorbia ligularia Roxb.,(ligule like or strap shaped)
Euphorbia longistyla Boiss., (with long style) 
Euphorbia milii var.millii ,(Named for M. le baron Milius, Governor of Île Bourbon, present-day Île de la Réunion (Reunion Island)
Euphorbia milii var. splendens (Bojer ex Hook.) Ursch & Leandri, 
Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham.,(snowy-white, with white stems)
 akujemudu ఆకుజెముడుakukalli,ఆకుకల్లి, bonthajamudu, బొంత జెముడు,errakalli,ఎర్ర కల్లి,  jemudu,జెముడు  modu-jemudu మోడుజెముడు;  
Euphorbia neriifolia L.,(having Nerium like leaves)  akujemudu ఆకుజెముడు ,
Euphorbia parviflora L., (with small flowers) 
Euphorbia prostrata Aiton,(growing prostrate on the soil) alumu అలుము;  
Euphorbia rosea Retz., (pink, appendages pinkish)
Euphorbia senguptea Balak., 
Euphorbia serpens Kunth, (one involucre lobe serpent hooded )
Euphorbia thymifolia L.,Having leaves like Thymus (genus name from the Greek word for smoke, fumigate)erralumu ఎర్రలుము 
Euphorbia tithymaloides L. [spurge-like(an ancient Greek name for plant with latex for spurge)] 
Euphorbia tirucalli L., (from the Malayalam vernacular name)pullala jemuduపుల్లల జెముడు, jemudu-kadalu, జెముడు కాడలు kadujemudu,కాడ జెముడు  kalli,కల్లి/ కళ్ళి   kanchi jemudu,కంచి జెముడు kundigi, కుందిగి, manchi jamudu, మంచి జెముడు   pullajeedikada,పుల్ల జీడి  కాడ, pullakada,పుల్ల కాడ,  sanna jemudu, సన్న జెముడు , 
Euphorbia tithymaloides L., (spurge like plant)
Euphorbia tortilis Rottler ex Ainslie, (twisted, refers to twisted stems)
 thirugujemmudu,  తిరుగు జెముడు, baramaajemudu, బర్మా జెముడు  bommajemudu,బొమ్మ జెముడు  muppakka jemudu,ముప్పక్క  జెముడు, pedda jemudu, పెద్ద జెముడు
Euphorbia seshachalamensis (from Seshachalam hills)
Euphorbia venkatarajui (from Kurnool)
Euphorbia kadapensis (from Kadapa) 
EXCOECARIA L.,(Etymology:From the Latin ex-caeco (to blind, make blind); referring to the to the poisonous, white latex of the plants reputed to cause blindness);
Excoecaria agallocha L.,(resembling agarwood (Aquilaria agallocha);tilla chettu తిల్లచెట్టు, chillaచిల్ల, 
FALCONERIA Royle-(Etymology: Named for Hugh Falconer, 19th century Scottish doctor, geologist and botanist in India)
  Falconeria insignis Royle(striking, conspicuous, distinguished refers to heavy flow of poisonous latex)Garbhasulaగర్భ శూల , Devasuroopi దేవసురూపి 
GIVOTIA Grif.,(Etymology:For the Danish physician Joachim Otto Voigt (1798-1843).
Givotia moluccana (L.) Sreem., ( From Maluku, Indonesia (the Moluccas).tellapoliki,తెల్ల పొలికి,tellaponaku,తెల్ల పొనికి /పొనుకు,  petiripuliki,పెట్రి పులికి  pitharipoliki, పీతరిపొలికి,  poliki,పొలికి  ponaku,పొనుకు,  tellaporaka,తెల్లపొరక   tellapuriki, తెల్లపురికి   
HOMONOIA Lour.,(Etymology:the uniform united stamens)
Lassiococca comberi  (syn. Homonoia  comberi (Haine)Merr., (in honour of James Comber Head Gardener at Nymas/ or J.B.Comber1929-2005 )
Homonoia  retusa (Grahm)Muell,(retuse-leaf apex blunt with a shallow notch) nillajeni,నీళ్లజెని   
Homonoia riparia Lour.,(growing on the banks of streams and rivers) adavi-ganneru,అడవి గన్నేరు, errathanuku,యెర్ర తనుకు  patada, పాతడా  siridamanu,శిరీద మాను   taniki, తనికి 
JATROPHA L.,(Etymology:Physician’s-food,the Greek iatrós (doctor) and trophé (food), referring to its nutritious qualities (when consumed in small amounts)  (the signature of the swollen stem base of Jatropha podagrica confers its name of gout plant)
Jatropha curcas L.,(ancient Latin name for Jatropha curcas (physic nut) adavi amudam, అడవి ఆముదం,   erri amudamu,ఎర్రిఆముదం  kaatiyaamudamu,కాటిఆముదం   kondaamudamu, కొండా ముదం naepalamu,నేపాళం, peddanaepalamu,పెద్ద నేపాళం, pepalamu, పేపాళం , 
Jatropha glandulifera Roxb.,(gland bearing) dundilamu,డుండిలం, dundaga aaku,డుంఢిగాకు  dundigamu, దుండిగము  dundigapu chettu, దుండిగపు చెట్టు, kaati amadam chettu,కాటి ఆముదము చెట్టు  naepaalemu ,నేపాళం nelaamudam,నేలాముదము  nelanepaalemu, నేలనేపాళం  thella dundilamu, తెల్లడుండిలం vatti amudamu,వట్టి ఆముదము  verriyamudamu, వెర్రాముదము;  
Jatropha gossypiifolia L.,(resemble the leaves of Gossypium) seemanaepaalemu, సీమనేపాళం naepaalemu ,నేపాళం nelaamudam,నేలాముదము,  yerra dundimalu ఎర్రడుండిలం  
Jatropha heynei Balak.,(for Dr Benjamin Heyne (1770–1819), German botanist)
MACARANGA Thouars,(Etymology: from the Malayan vernacular name, umbrella tree (the large leaves)/The vernacular name of this plant in Philipines)
Macaranga indica Wight, alamantha,ఆలమంత, boddi chettu,బొద్ది చెట్టు, jingజింజి , putta-tamaraపుట్ట తామర ;  
Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Müll.Arg., (peltate-shiels like, petiole attached on the surface not in margin)boddi,బొడ్డు  godugu ganapa,గొడుగు గణప  konda thaamara,కొండతామర   kondajaaphara,కొండ జాఫర  pulichinjalamu పులిచింజాలము,palaka chettu పలకచెట్టు,
MALLOTUS Lour.,(Etymology: From the Greek mallotos "woolly", referring to the tomentose fruits.)
Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll.Arg.,(- From the Philippines.) kukumachettu , కుంకుమ చెట్టు, adavigubatada,అడవి గూబతడ   adavigubbathada, అడవిగుబ్బ తడ,benduruppu, బెండురుప్పు chendiramu,చెండిరము  kapilapodi, కపిల పొడి naagaraktha, నాగరక్త punnagam,పున్నాగము  sendhoori,సింధూరం  sindhooragunda,సింధూర గుండ  thungavriksham, తుంగ వృక్షము vasantagandhamu, వసంత గంధము veligarapu,వెలిగారము  
Mallotus repandus (Willd.) Müll.Arg.,(with a slighyly wavy margin) adavinelli, అడవినెల్లి kandaveltu, కొండ వెల్తు karujaphara, కారు జఫరా kondakancanamu,కొండ కాంచనము,kondavettu,కొండ వెట్టు  pandriga,పండ్రీగ    pandurakamu,పండూరకము  peyyarakta పెయ్య రక్త , peyyarotta,పెయ్యరొట్ట  pondikaపొందిక  
Mallotus rhamnifolius Muell-Arg., (having leaves similar to those of Rhamnus,)
kondakunkuma కొండకుంకుమ  
MANIHOT Mill.,(Etymology: from the Tupi-Guarani(Brazilian) name, manioca, for cassava (the flour prepared from the root is tapioca, from Tupi-Guarani, typyoca)
Manihot esculenta Crantz,(edible) karrapendalamu,కర్ర పెండలం, manupendalam,మానుపెండలం, alvari gaddalu ఆళ్వారిగడ్డలు  
MICROCOCCA Benth.,(Etymology: from Greek small berried)
Micrococca mercurialis (L.) Benth.,(named by Cato for Mercury, messenger of the gods)
MICROSTACHYS A.Juss.,(Etymology: with small spikes)
Microstachys chamaelea (L.) Müll.Arg.,(changing appearance)baapana booraaku బాపన బూరాకు 
PLUKENETIA L.(Etymology: Named for Leonard Plukenet, 17th century British botanist and illustrator whose work appears in Phytographia,)
  Plukenetia corniculata Sm.(With small horn like protuberances)
RICINUS L.,(Etymology: the seeds resemble a Mediterranean sheep tick of the same name)
Ricinus communis L.,(common or growing gregariously) aamudamu,ఆముదం chittaamudamu,చిట్టాముదము erramudamu, ఎర్రాముదము peramudamu, పేరాముదం 
SUREGADA Roxb. ex Rottl.,-(Etymology: From the Telugu name (from India), soora gade for Suregada multiflora (Juss.) Baill.)
Suregada lanceolata (Willd.) Kuntze,(from the Latin lancea, lanceae and meaning narrowed and tapered at both ends (lanceolate).kaaru guggilam కారు గుగ్గిలము,velidabba వెలి దబ్బ  
Suregada multiflora (Juss.)Bail.,(many flowered refers to at each node produces many flowers in clusters)సూరగడ soora gada
TRAGIA L.,(Etymology: From the Greek tragos, a he-goat. The plant and its fruit are hairy. (Paxton suggests the name is after a German, J. Boch, called Tragus).
Tragia involucrata L.,(Surrounded by bracts)chinnadoolagondi, చిన్నదూలగొండి doolagaondi theega,దూలగొండి  తీగ duradagantatiga,దురద గొండితీగ  konda teeta-kanjari,కొండ తీట కంజారి  nosanthaaku, నొసంతాకు pedda doolagondi పెద్దదూలగొండి ,regadadoola, రేగడ దూలగొండి revatidulagondi,రేవటిదూలగొండి  teega-dulagondiతీగదూలగొండి, telladuradagondi తెల్లదురద గొండి, telumani తేలుమణి,
Tragia plukenetii Radcl.-Sm.,(in honour of Leonard Plukenet (1642-1706)English physician and botanist)pedda doolagondi పెద్దదూలగొండి
TREWIA L. (Etymology: for Christoph Jakob Trew (1695–1769), German physician, botanist and explorer)
PHYLLANTHACEAE Martynov   
Trees, shrubs, or herbs; bark finely-cracking; latex absent; leaves that are often two-ranked, entire, stipulate, pinnately-veined and usually without glands. Monoecy and dioecy are widespread; the flowers are small, K 2-8, often basally connate, C 0-5, (small); nectary extrastaminal, variously lobed; staminate flowers: A 2-35; carpellate flowers: carpels 1-3 or 5, styles usu. bifid, stigmas with adaxial furrow, ovules often 2 per carpel; fruit a septicidal capsule/schizocarp; seeds large. cyanogenesis via the tyrosine pathway, tropane, piperidine and pyrrolizidine alkaloids, cucurbitacins [triterpenes], nonhydrolysable tannins [geraniin] +. 
Trewia nudiflora L.(flowers fully exposed and naked) eruponuku ఏరు పొణుకు 
ANTIDESMA L.,(Etymology: From the Greek anti (against) and desma (Burman term for poison); an oblique reference to its supposed use as an anti-venom)
Antidesma acidum Retz.,(acidic in taste, refers to leaves) gummodi pella,గుమ్మడిపెళ్ళ  gurrapujalli, గుర్రపు జల్లి manchipolaari,మంచి పోలారి  polagumudu,పొలఁగుమ్ముడు  pulleru పుల్లేరు 
Antidesma bunius (L.)Spreng.(the Greek name of a kind of turnip used by Linneaus)  Anepu అనెపు 
Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.,(Latinized local name of the plant species in SriLanka) dzanapalasheru, jaana palasheru,జొన్న పళ్ళు  lona, nallaballi,నల్ల బల్లి  plaari, polaree, polari,పోలారి  pollai, pullari,పుల్లరి  pulsur, pulusariపులుసరి , 
Antidesma menasu Miq.,(of plateau) nakagadam, nakkaagadamu, nakkagadamu నక్క గదము 
Antidesma zeylanicum Lam.,(from Ceylone)
BISCHOFIA Blume (Etymology: in honour of  Prof. G.W. Bischoff of Heidelberg, Germany, (1797-1854).]

Bischofia javanica Blume(from Java )nalla mushti,నల్ల ముష్టి  panta పంట 

BREYNIA J.R. Forster & G.Forster nom.cons.,(Etymology: In memory of the naturalist Jakob Breyne (1637-1697), botanical collector in Danzig.)
Breynia  retusa (Dennst.)Alston,( having a rounded apex and a central depression, refers to the accrescent calyx apex ) (but the leaves are rarely retuse...).devadaari దేవదారి
 Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm.f.) C.E.C.Fisch.,(Theophrastus' name for the vine of Mount Ida or Idaea in Greece. From the Latin name vitis for the grapevine.) erra purugudu,ఎర్రపురుగుడు erraballi, ఎర్ర బల్లి  pagadapu chettu,పగడపు చెట్టు  pagadapurugudu, పగడ పురుగుడు yellari ఎల్లారి ,
BRIDELIA Willd.,(Etymology:In memory of the Swiss botanist and bryologist Samuel Elisee von Bridel (1761-1828).)
Bridelia crenulata Roxb.,(having small rounded and flat teeth around the leaves), 
koramaanu,కోరమాను   peddaanem పెద్దానెం  
Bridelia  montana(Roxb.) Willd.,(pertaining to mountains) bontavegi,బొంత వేగి  gundubigalu,గుండు బీగాలు  kanchepi,కంచేపి  paanchavoni, పాంచవోని panchodakamu, పంచోదకము  pantangi,పంతంగి sannakodari,సన్న కోదారి thellavegisa,తెల్ల వేగిస  vadishi chettu వడిశ చెట్టు 
Bridelia pubescens Kurz, (plant parts covered with downy-hairy,) 
Bridelia retusa (L.) A.Juss.,(Retuse, blunt with a shallow notch at the tip.) 
annemu,అన్నెము  bontavegi,బొంత వేగి dudimaddi,దూది మద్ది  duriamaddi,దురియమద్ది  errabottukaఎర్ర బొట్టుక , errapatta,ఎర్ర పట్ట  errapattaka, ఎర్ర పట్టక karatti,కారట్టి  karatti, koramaanu,కోర మాను  koramaddi,కోర మద్ది  kosengi, కోసెంగి mulu maddi,ములు/ముళ్ల మద్ది   peddaanem,పెద్దానెంpeddajana, పెద్ద జాన piamaddi,పియా మద్ది  poramanu,పోర మాను  putta karaka,పుట్ట కరక  salaaka సలాక ,  verri karka, వెర్రి కరక yega,ఏగ yerrabottuga యెర్ర బొట్టుగ 
Bridelia stipularis (L.)Bl., (with conspicuous stipules) chiri aannem, చిరి ఆనెం, dhantiboora దంతిబూర, , donkabshurara,డొంకబూసర  donkabuvaraడొంకబువర, donkibura,డొంకి బూర  
CLEISTANTHUS J. D. Hooker ex Planchon,Hidden-flower,(Etymology: from the Greek kleistos "closed" and anthos "flower", the flowers appear or remain partially closed.)
Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth. ex Hook.f.,(of the hills, growing on hills.)  odeshi,ఒడిశి,vodishaవడిశ,  kodisha, కొడిశ, nalla vadise,నల్ల వడిశ  
Cleistanthus patulus (Roxb.) Müll.Arg.(spreading, broad, refers to leaves)
FLUGGEA Willd.,(Etymology: In memory of the German physician and botanist Johann Flugge (1775-1816).)
Flueggea leucopyrus Willd.,(From the Greek leuco "white" and pyrus "pear", in reference of the white-coloured fruit of the plant.) challamunta,చల్ల ముంత  mekarayi, మేక రాయి, puli,పులి  salemunta,సాలెముంత   tellapulisaru,తెల్ల పులిసరి, tellapurugudu, తెల్ల పురుగుడు tsallamunta,తెల్ల ముంత  
Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Royle,(poisonous or with an unpleasant smell) mekarayi,మేక రాయి  sulamunta, సూలముంత tellapuli, తెల్ల పులి tellapuruguduతెల్ల పురుగుడు 
GLOCHIDION J.R.Forster &G.Forster.,(Etymology: From the Greek glochis (a projected point); refers to the staminal column of the male flowers)
Glochidion ellipticum Wight.,(refers to elliptic shaped leaves) verri vusiri వెర్రి ఉసిరి  
Glochidion tomentosum Dalz.,(having tomentum on all parts)
Glochidion talakonensis (from talakona hills of A.P)
Glochidion heyneanum WALL.,(in honour of Dr Benjamin Heyne (1770–1819), German botanist, missionary and collector near Travancore, Kerala, SW India) endrika, ఎండ్రిక, lajoda,లాజోడ  rogodaరోగోడ , yendruga ఎందుర్గ 
Glochidion zeylanicum (Gaertn.)Juss.,(from Ceylone) itepulla,ఈటెపుల్ల itipala ఏటి పాల, pageriపగేరి , yeatipalla ఏటిపళ్ళ ,
MARGARITARIA L.,(Etymology: From Latin pearl-for pearl like fruits)
Margaritaria indica (Dalz.)Airy shaw,(from India)
MEINECKIA H.E.Baillon.,(from Greek meionektes -one who has less
mei-less, At first regarded as depauperate specimens of another genus) 
Meineckia parvifolia (Wight) G.L.Webster,(with small flowers)
PHYLLANTHUS L.,(Etymology: From the Greek phyllon "a leaf" and anthos "flower", in some species the flowers are produced on leaf-like branches and branchlets or the flowers appear on leaf-like cladodes.)
Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels,(refers to acidic taste of fruits) raacha usirika,రాచ ఉసిరిక,raati vusiri రాతి ఉసిరి   
Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn.,(bitter, refers to the bitter taste of leaves) nela usari,నేల ఉసిరి , nela usirika,నేల ఉసిరిక, 
Phyllanthus debilis Klein ex Willd., (weak or feeble)
Phyllanthus emblica L.,(Latinized vernacular name in many Indian languages amlika, for the taste of fruits)   usiri/ vusirika ఉసిరి/ ఉసిరిక , vusirikayaఉసిరికాయ,  aamalaki,ఆమ్లకి  aamalakamu,ఆమ్లకము, nelli kaaya,నెల్లి కాయ, peddavusirika, పెద్ద ఉసిరిక  pullayusirika,పుల్ల ఉసిరి  triphalam, త్రిఫలము,
 Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster, (closely related) nela usari,నేల ఉసిరి
Phyllanthus indo-fischeri Bennet,(for an Indian endemic species and in honour of  Dr C.E.C Fischer a co-worker of Gambel)chittivusiri చిట్టి ఉసిరి  
Phyllanthus lawii J.Graham,(In honor of John Sutherland Law (1810–1885) Indian Civil Servant and amateur botanist)
Phyllanthus leschenaultii Müll.Arg.,(In honor of Jean-Baptiste LouisClaude-Théodore, Leschenault de la Tour(1773–1826) French botanist and traveller) 
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L.,(from Madras state)nalla-usirika, నల్ల ఉసిరిక nela usirika,నేల ఉసిరిక,
Phyllanthus  multiflorus WILLD., nalla-purugudu,నల్ల పురుగుడు  
Phyllanthus narayanswamii Gamble(In honor of V.Narayanaswamy, (1920-1947)contributed to flora of A.P (surveyed in Rampahills of E.Godavari,) Indian botanist)
Phyllanthus pinnatus (Wight) G.L.Webster,(having pinnate leaves) 
Phyllanthus polyphyllus Willd.,(having many leaves) kondapachaari,కొండ పచారీ , pureedu   usiri పూరీడుఉసిరి;
Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.,(conspicuously net veined) nalla-purugudu, నల్ల పురుగుడు nallapuli,నల్లపులి  nela purugudu, నేల పురుగుడు pandibarangi, పంది బరంగి pandibarrankee, పంది బర్రెంకి phulsar,ఫుల్సర్  pilangi,పిలాంగి  pisiki beera,పిసికి బీర  pulaguvva, పూల గువ్వ pulisaru,పులిసరు  pullayusirika,పుల్లయుసిరిక  
Phyllanthus rheedei Wight,( In honor of Heinrich van Rheede tot Droakenstein (1637–1692) Governor of Dutch possessions in Malabar, India)
Phyllanthus rotundifolius Klein ex Willd., (with rounded leaves)
Phyllanthus scabrifolius Hook.f.,(with rough leaf blades)
 Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb., (branches, pedicels slender)
Phyllanthus urinaria L.,(that is used for treatment of urinary problems)erra usirika, ఎర్ర ఉసిరిక neeti usiri,నీటి ఉసిరి   uchi usiri, వుచ్చి ఉసిరి 
Phyllanthus virgatus var. gardnerianus (Wight) Govaerts & Radcl.(virgatus-straight and slender, refers to branches)-Sm., Phyllanthus virgatus var. virgatus uchchi usirikaఉచ్చ ఉసిరి/ వుచ్చిఉసిరిక ,

SAUROPUS Blume,(Etymology: sauro meaning lizard like +opus-foot- the calyx look like lizarads foot)

Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.,(having male and female flowers) vitaminla kura విటమిన్ల కూర, 
Sauropus bacciformis (L.) Airy Shaw,(fruits berry shaped)nela tenkaayalu నేలటెంకాయలు   
Sauropus quadrangularis (Willd.) Müll.Arg.,(with 4 angled stems) tellavusirika తెల్లవుసిరిక 
LINACEAE Perleb, nom.cons
Woody, often lianas with branch grapnels; leaves spiral or two-ranked, stipules pectinate; flowers tristylous; sepals often unequal,  corolla at most slightly clawed, often yellow; disc at base of filaments; stamens 10, of two lengths; fruit a drupe or with mericarps; seed with an at most slight arillode, endosperm copious to scanty; cotyledons large. Distribution pantropical.
HUGONIA L.,(Etymology:In memory of Augustus Johannes de Hugo, who travelled in Switzerland with Haller in 1732, and assisted him with his herbarium.)
Hugonia mystax L.,(From the Greek mystax, mystakos meaning "moustache". Probably in reference to the circinate hooks of the plant.) kakibeera, కాకి బీర, ungaralapedmi, ఉంగరాల పమిడి /పమిడిఉంగరాలు,adavigoranta, అడవి గోరింట gatrintha,గత్రిన్త    pisangi,పిసంగి,  renangi,రేణంగి,  thivva potike,తివ్వ పొటిక   
LINUM L.,(Etymology:the ancient Greek name for flax)
Linum mysurens Heyne ec Benth.,(from Mysore India)
Linum usitatissimum L.,(most useful , refers to fibre and seeds are useful) 
athasee, అతశి avishi,అవిశి  madana-ginjaluమదన గింజలు ,nalla avisi నల్లఅవిశి this plant inot a native of A.P, rarely cultivated for seeds. but flax seeds are widely used in A.P hence included here. 


Continued on part IV.... Please visit 
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